.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

1st ed.

New York : Random House, c1989

xvii, 317 s. : il.

ISBN 0-394-35502-4

000001650

Preface for Teachers v Preface for Students ix // CHAPTER 1 Creating Dialogue 1 // DIALOGUE 1 // Dialogue and Monologue 3 / Shortening Distances 5 / // The Listener in Mind 9 / No Man’s land, Harold Pinter 10 / Twirler, "Jane Martin" 11 / The Taking of Miss Janie, Ed Bullins 13 / Conflicting Voices 14 / Confessions of a Lover 24 / Miss L. and Rambo, Flora Lewis 25 / The Price of Liberty, Russell Baker 27 WRITING AND DIALOGUE 30 // Writing and Speech 30 / Ethel Mattice, Bruce McCall 32 / Duane Dix, Bruce McCall 33 / Penelope, James Joyce 33 / Who Is the Reader? 35 / I’ll Fight Jargon with Jargon, Janet Shilling 37 / Readers Make Meaning 39 / Why Won’t the Doctors Let Her Die?, Alvan R. Feinstein 40 / Catch-22: // xiii // xiv // Contents // Sanity and Insanity 44 / Polyester 45 / Writing for a Reader 50 / Cramming 52 // CHAPTER 2 Writing from Reading 56 // WRITING TO UNDERSTAND A TEXT 57 // Symptoms of Love, Robert Graves 58 / Love Sick, Richard Selzer 59 ANNOTATING 62 // Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, William Shakespeare 64 / Of Love, Francis Bacon 65 LISTING 68 // Theme for English B, Langston Hughes 69 journalizing: keeping a double-entry notebook 71 // St. Augustine and the Bullfight, Katherine Anne Porter 72 WRITING TO EXPLAIN A TEXT 76 // Summarizing a Text 76 / Paraphrasing a Text 77 / How It Feels to Be Colored Me, Zora Neale Hurston 79 / // Focusing 83 / Listing 84 / Clustering 85 / Beer Can, John Updike 87 / Crumbling is not an instant’s Act, Emily Dickinson 88 / Humpty Dumpty 89 WRITING TO EVALUATE A TEXT 90 // Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers, Adrienne Rich 98 / Women, May Swenson 99 / This Is Just to Say, William Carlos Williams 100 / Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams, Kenneth Koch 100 // CHAPTER 3 Writing and Thinking 102 // PREPARING TO WRITE 103 PERCEPTUAL BLOCKS TO WRITING 104 // Scientists and Patagonians, Larry Dossey 104 //

PRE WRITING STRATEGIES 106 GENERATING STRATEGIES 107 // Listing 107 / Brainstorming 108 / Freewriting 110 / Journal Keeping 111 / On Keeping a Notebook, Joan Didion 112 // QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 119 // The Reporter’s Questions 119 / Cubing 120 / Particle-Wave-Field 122 / Clustering 123 MAKING CONNECTIONS 126 // CHAPTER 4 Writing and Form 135 // THREE-PART FORMS 135 // What I Have Lived For, Bertrand Russell 136 / Blame the Victim, Ellen Goodman 138 TWO-PART FORMS 141 // Aphorisms 141 / Dialogue 141 / Suppressed Desires, Susan Glaspell 142 / Before-After Sequence 144 / Problem-Solution 147/ In Defense of Literacy, WendeM Berry 148 // PATTERNS OF EXPOSITION 151 // Causal Analysis 152 / Fear of Dearth, Carli Tucker 152 / The Destructive Power of a One-Megaton Bomb on New York City, Jonathan Schell 155 / Process Analysis 158 / How Dictionaries Are Made, S. 1. Hayakawa 161 / Illustration/ Exemplification 163 / Animal Aid, Michel de Montaigne 164 / Courtship Through the Ages, James Thurber 165 / Comparison 170 / A River Pilot’s Knowledge, Mark Twain 174 / The Battle of the Ants, Henry David Thoreau 176 / Classification 178 / The Three New Yorks, E. B. White 179 / Can People Be Judged by Their // X vi // Contents // Appearance?, Eric Berne 180 / Form in Advertisement 185 / Revision and Form 188 / Dust of Snow, Robert Frost 189 / When I Heard the beam’d Astronomer, Walt Whitman 189 / // The Red Wheelbarrow, William Carlos Williams 190 / // Form in Nature and Art 190 // CHAPTER 5 The Persuasive Voice 193 // ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION 193 // Drugs, Gore Vidal 196 / Claims and Support 198 / Once Verboten, Now Chic, Ellen Goodman 202 TYPES OF ARGUMENTS 204 // Argument from Evidence 204 / Argument from Definition 205 / Argument by Comparison and Contrast 208 / Argument from Analogy 208 / Argument from Authority 210 / Argument from Cause to Effect, Effect to Cause 211 /

We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story, Sallie Tisdale 216 BEING PERSUADED 225 // Responding Critically 227 / The Educated Imagination, Northrop Frye 230 / Autobiography, Benjamin Franklin 231 / Night, Elie Wiesel 231 / Persuasion and Ethics 233 / Ethical Codes 234 / You Can Have It All! 235 // WRITING PERSUASIVELY 239 // The Writer’s Credibility 242 / The Case for Christianity, C. S. Lewis 244 / I Married Alexis 246 / Handling Controversy 253 / Execution Eve, William F. Buckley, // Jr. 254 / Through the Looking Glass, Lewis Carroll 255 / // The Phantom Captain, R. Buckminster Fuller 257 / The Medium, the Mystic, and the Physicist, L. Le Shan 258 // CHAPTER 6 Writing and Revising 259 what is style? 259 // STYLISTIC EFFECTS 261 // Arctic Dreams, Barry Lopez 261 / Going to Extremes, Joe McGinniss 265 / Dispatches, Michael Herr 269 SOME ELEMENTS OF STYLE 270 // Voice 270 / "Out of Context" Rules 271 / Tone 274 / Anything Goes for Magazines about Violence, Carl Hiassen 275 / Vocabulary and Details 277 / Potemkin Village, Aden Ross 278 IMITATING STYLES 279 // The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., James Boswell 280 / Boswell’s Life of Don Johnson, Ian Frazier 283 REVISING FOR CLARITY 286 // Revising Subjects and Verbs 287 / Revising Verbs 289 / Revising Sentences 291 / // ANALYZING STYLE 296 // Salvador, Joan Didion 296 / Man’s Search for Meaning, Victor Frankl 301 / My Speech to the Graduatesioody 302 Allen 302 // Acknowledgments 307 Index 313