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0 (hodnocen0 x )

(2) Půjčeno:4x 

BK

Mountain View : Mayfield Publishing Company, c1999

xii,[55],843 s.

ISBN 0-7674-0161-1 (brož.)

Obsahuje bibliografické citace, poznámky, předmluvu, dodatky, rejstřík

Morálka - problémy společenské - pojednání

000003998

Preface iii // part i Introduction to Moral Philosophy // Chapter 1 Moral Theory 1 // Moral Philosophy 2 // What Is the Purpose of Moral Theories? 3 // The Types of Moral Theories 4 // Relativism in Ethics 5 // Moving Beyond Ethical Relativism 12 // Moral Theory and Praxis 16 // Morality and Religion 17 // Universality and Religious Ethics 19 // Universal Moral Theories 20 // Utilitarianism 20 . // Deontology: The Ethics of Duty 25 // Rights-Based Ethics 32 // Virtue Ethics 36 // Conclusion 41 // Aristotle, from Nicomachean Ethics 42 // Thomas Aquinas, from Summa Theologica 48 // John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty 51 // Immanuel Kant, from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Ethics 56 // John Rawls, from A Theory of Justice 62 // Ayn Rand, "Man’s Rights" 66 // Nel Noddings, from Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education 71 // Confucius, from The Analects 75 // P. Don Premasiri, "The Relevance of the Noble Eightfold Path // to Contemporary Society" 80 // VII // chapter 2 Moral Reasoning 86 // The Three Levels ofThinking 87 // Resistance 90 // Recognizing Arguments 93 // Avoiding Logical Fallacies 97 // Critical Reading Skills 104 // PART n Analyzing Moral Issues // CHAPTER 3 Abortion 108 // Background 109 // The History of Abortion in the United States 109 // The U.S. Supreme Court Roe v. Wade Decision 110 // Abortion and Religion 111 // Stages of Fetal Development 114 // Methods of Abortion 114 // The Moral Issues 116 // Can the Abortion Controversy Ever Be Resolved? 119 // JUDITH Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion" 120 // John T. Noonan Jr., "An Almost Absolute Value in History" 131 // Mary Anne Warren, "The Moral Significance of Birth" 136 // Sidney Callahan, "Abortion and the Sexual Agenda" 147 // Judith A. Boss, "Pro-Child/Pro-Choice: An Exercise in Doublethink?" 156 //

Dorothy C. Wertz and John C. Fletcher, "Fatal Knowledge: Prenatal Diagnosis and Sex Selection" 162 // Case Studies 168 // Chapter 4 Cloning and Genetic Engineering 173 // The History of Genetic Engineering 173 // The Human Genome Project 174 // Cloning 174 // Cloning and Genetic Engineering 176 // Putting the Brakes on the Research of Human Cloning 178 // Moral Issues of Cloning and Genetic Engineering 178 // Resolving the Debate Over Cloning and Genetic Engineering 184 // John A. Robertson, "The Question of Human Cloning" 185 // Richard A. McCormick, "Blastomere Separation: Some Concerns" 195 // Contents // Melinda A. Roberts, "Human Cloning: A Case of No Harm Done?" 200 // Leon Kass, "The Wisdom of Repugnance: Why We Should Ban the Cloning // of Humans" 208 // John Harris, "’Goodbye Dolly?’ The Ethics of Human Cloning" 219 // Glenn McGee, "Parenting in an Era of Genetics" 228 // Case Studies 236 // chapter 5 Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide 243 // What Is Euthanasia? 244 // The Philosophers on Euthanasia 245 // The Contemporary Debate over Euthanasia 246 // Euthanasia Legislation 247 // Physician-Assisted Suicide 248 // The Hospice Movement 249 // The Moral Issues 249 // Can the Euthanasia Issue Be Resolved? 254 // James Rachels, "Active and Passive Euthanasia" 255 // Margaret Pabst Battin, "The Case for Euthanasia" 260 // Daniel Callahan, "’Aid-in-Dying’: The Social Dimensions" 272 // John Hardwig, "Is There a Duty to Die?" 278 // Susan M. Wolf, "A Feminist Critique of Physician-Assisted Suicide" 289 // Damien Keown and John Keown, "Killing, Karma and Caring: Euthanasia // in Buddhism and Christianity" 302 // Case Studies 307 // Chapter 6 Punishment and the Death Penalty 313 // History of the Death Penalty 313 // The Death Penalty Today 314 // The Death Penalty and Juvenile Offenders 316 // The Medicalization of Executions 316 //

The Philosophers on the Death Penalty 317 // Moral Issues 319 // Conclusion 324 // Ernest van den Haag, "The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense // of Capital Punishment" 325 // Christopher W. Morris, "Punishment and Loss of Moral Standing" 330 // Jami L. Anderson, "Reciprocity as a Justification for Retributivism" 342 // Hugo Adam Bedau, "Capital Punishment" 353 // Helen Prejean, Dead Man Walking 369 // Randy E. Barnett, "Restitution: A New Paradigm of Criminal Justice" 382 // Case Studies 394 // chapter 7 Drug and Alcohol Use 401 // What Is a Drug? 401 // The History of Drug and Alcohol Use 401 // Legal and Illegal Drugs 404 // Drug and Alcohol Use Today 405 // Drug and Alcohol Use Among College Students 406 // The Disease Model of Addiction 406 // The Moral Model of Addiction 407 // The Philosophers on Drug and Alcohol Abuse 408 // Moral Issues 409 // Conclusion 412 // Stanton Peele, "A Moral Vision of Addiction" 413 // Thomas Szasz, "The Ethics of Addiction" 427 // Dan Brock, "The Use of Drugs for Pleasure" 435 // James Q. Wilson, "Against the Legalization of Drugs" 448 // Douglas N. Husak, "A Moral Right to Use Drugs" 458 // Thomas H. Murray, "Drugs, Sports, and Ethics" 468 // Case Studies 479 // Chapter 8 Homosexuality, Same-Sex Marriages, and Outing 486 // Background and Key Terms 486 // Religious and Cultural Attitudes Toward Homosexuality 487 // Homosexuality and the Law 489 // The Disease Model of Homosexuality 491 // Coming Out and Outing 493 // The Philosophers on Homosexuality 494 // Moral Issues 495 // Conclusion 498 // Michael Ruse, "Is Homosexuality Bad Sexuality?" 499 // John M. Finnis, "Law, Morality, and ’Sexual Orientation’" 511 // Michael Nava and Robert Dawidoff, "The Case for Gay Marriage" 518 // Cheshire Calhoun, "Family’s Outlaws: Rethinking the Connections // Between Feminism, Lesbianism, and the Family" 524 //

Richard Mohr, "The Outing Controversy: Privacy and Dignity in Gay Ethics" 532 // Claudia Card, "Other People’s Secrets: The Ethics of Outing" 543 // Case Studies 556 // Chapter 9 Freedom of Speech and Hate Speech 563 // What Is "Freedom of Speech?" 563 // Limitations on Freedom of Speech 564 // The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution 565 // Hate Speech as Protected Speech 567 // Speech Codes on College Campuses 568 // The Philosophers on Freedom of Speech 569 // Moral Issues 570 // Conclusion 573 // Charles R. Lawrence III, "If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus" 574 // Jonathan Rauch, "In Defense of Prejudice: Why Incendiary Speech Must Be Protected" 587 // John Taylor, "Are You Politically Correct?" 593 // Alan M. Dershowitz, "Political Correctness, Speech Codes, and Diversity" 604 // Herbert Marcuse, "Repressive Tolerance" 607 // Case Studies 616 // Chapter 10 Sexism, Pornography, and Violence Against Women 623 // Sexism and Gender Inequalities 623 // The Philosophers on Sexism and Women 624 // Pornography 626 // "Pornography Is the Theory and Rape Is the Practice" 627 // Sexual Harassment 629 // Domestic Violence 631 â–  // Moral Issues 631 // Conclusion 634 // Catherine MacKinnon, "Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech" 635 // Sarah McCarthy, "Pornography, Rape, and the Cult of Macho" 644 // Lois Pineau, "Date Rape: A Feminist Analysis" 652 // Katie Roiphe, "Reckless Eyeballing: Sexual Harassment on Campus" 664 // Judith A. Boss, "Throwing Pearls to the Swine: Women, Forgiveness, and the Unrepentant Abuser" 672 // Steven Goldberg, "Male Aggression and the Attainment of Power, Authority, // and Status" 681 // Case Studies 687 // Chapter 11 Racism and Affirmative Action 695 // Defining the Key Terms 695 // The Philosophers on Racism 697 // The Roots of American Racism 699 // Racism Today 702 // Affirmative Action 703 //

Moral Issues 704 // Conclusion 706 // Shelby Steele, "I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent?" 707 // Jorge Garcia, "The Heart of Racism" 714 // Bernard R. Boxill, "The Color-Blind Principle" 726 // Michael Levin, "Race, Biology, and Justice" 734 // Uma Narayan, "Colonialism and Its Others: Considerations on Rights and Care Discourses" 745 // Dinesh D’Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus 751 // Case Studies 768 // 12 Rights and Welfare of Nonhuman Animals 775 // The Legal and Moral Status of Nonhuman Animals 775 // The Philosophers on the Moral Value of Nonhuman Animals 777 // Animal Farming and Vegetarianism 779 // Animal Experimentation 781 // Moral Issues 782 // Conclusion 785 // Tom Regan, "The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism" 787 // Jan Narveson, "Animal Rights Revisited" 793 // Carol J. Adams, "’Mad Cow’ Disease and the Animal Industrial Complex: An Ecofeminist Analysis" 798 // Peter Singer, from Animal Liberation 813 // Carl Cohen, "Do Animals Have Rights?" 823 // Maithili Schmidt-Raghavan, "Animal Liberation and Ahirnsa" 832 // Case Studies 837 // Appendix I: Writing a Paper in Moral Philosophy // Appendix II: Debating Moral Issues // A-20 // Endnotes N-1 // Credits C-1 // Index 1-1