Abbreviations // Introduction // 1 Before the First World War // Eastern Europe: physical features // Eastern Europe: main ethnic groups, 1900 // Eastern Europe: main religious // groups, 1914 // Austria-Hungary // Nationalities in Austria-Hungary, 1900 // Russian provinces in Eastern Europe // Main ethnic groups in the Russian // provinces in Eastern Europe before // the First World War // The Balkans, 1900-08 // The Macedonian question, 1900-12 // The first Balkan war, 1912-13 // Territorial changes after the Balkan // wars // 2 The First World War and the // Versailles peace settlement // War aims in Eastern Europe // The First World War in Eastern // Europe, 1914 // The First World War in Eastern // Europe, 1915 // The First World War in Eastern // Europe, 1916 // The First World War in Eastern // Europe, 1917 // The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the // First World War in Eastern Europe, 1918 // Ukraine and Moldavia, 1918-24 // The peace settlement, 1919-23 // 3 The inter-war years 39 // xiii International alignments in the // inter-war years 39 // 1 Inter-war international incidents and disputes 41 // Assassinations in Eastern Europe 43 // 2 Inter-war Albania 45 // Inter-war Albania: religious, ethnic and tribal divisions 47 // 7 Inter-war Bulgaria 49 // 9 Inter-war Bulgaria: political 51 // 11 Inter-war Bulgaria: ethnic and religious composition 53 // Inter-war Bulgaria: economic and social 54 // 15 Inter-war Bulgaria: landholdings 55 // 17 Inter-war Czechoslovakia 57 // 19 Inter-war Czechoslovakia: political 59 // Inter-war Czechoslovakia: ethnic composition 61 // Inter-war Czechoslovakia: religious // composition 63 // 23 Inter-war Czechoslovakia: size of landholdings 64 // Inter-war Czechoslovakia: economic 65 // 25 The partition of Czechoslovakia, 1938-9 67 // Inter-war Estonia 69 // 27 Inter-war Estonia: political 71 //
Estonia between the wars: ethnic and religious composition 72 // Inter-war Estonia: landholdings 72 // 31 Inter-war Estonia: economic 73 // Hungary, 1918-20 75 // The Treaty of Trianon 77 // 33 Inter-war Hungary: political 79 // 35 Hungarian territorial acquisitions, 37 1938-41 81 // vi // Inter-war Hungary: landholdings // Inter-war Hungary: economic // Inter-war Latvia // Inter-war Latvia: political // Inter-war Latvia: ethnic composition // Inter-war Latvia: religious composition // Inter-war Latvia: landholdings // Inter-war Latvia: a note on trade statistics // Inter-war Lithuania // Inter-war Lithuania: political // Inter-war Lithuania: ethnic composition // Inter-war Lithuania: religious composition // Inter-war Lithuania: landholdings // Inter-war Lithuania: economic // The composition of independent // Poland, 1918-21 // The frontiers of Poland, 1918-38 // Inter-war Poland: political // Inter-war Poland: ethnic and religious composition // Inter-war Poland: landholdings // Inter-war Poland: economic // The partition of Poland, 1939 // The composition of inter-war Romania // Inter-war Romania // Inter-war Romania: ethnic composition // Inter-war Romania: social and economic // The partition of Romania, 1940 // The formation of Yugoslavia // Inter-war Yugoslavia: ethnic and religious composition // Inter-war Yugoslavia: political, 1918-29 // Inter-war Yugoslavia: political, 1929-41 // Inter-war Yugoslavia: social and economic // The partition of Yugoslavia, 1941 // 4 The Second World War // Territorial changes, 1938-41 // Eastern Europe under Nazi // domination // The persecution of European Jewry, 1942-5 // 83 The advance of the Red Army, 1943-5 141 // 85 Population movements in Eastern Europe, 1939-50 143 // 89 // 90 5 Eastern Europe under Communist // 90 domination 153 // 90 The communist takeovers in Eastern Europe, 1944-9 153 //
91 The division of Berlin 155 // 93 East European Stalinism 157 // 95 The economic revolution from above: // industrialisation and urbanisation 159 // 96 The collectivisation of agriculture 161 // Communist Party membership 163 // 96 Soviet-East European Trade, 1960, 96 1970, 1980 164 // 97 Soviet energy supplies to Eastern Europe 164 // 99 Warsaw Pact deployments in Eastern // 101 Europe 167 // 103 Protests against Soviet domination 169 // The East German revolt, June 1953 171 // 105 The Hungarian revolution of 1956 173 // 107 Czechoslovakia, 1968 174 // 109 Poland 1980-1 175 // 6 Eastern Europe at the end of the Communist period 179 // Pollution in Eastern Europe 179 // 117 The nuclear problem in Eastern Europe 181 // 119 Albania in the 1980s 183 // 121 Albania in the 1980s: demographic 183 // 123 Albania in the 1980s: economic 185 // Albania in the 1980s: social 187 // 125 Bulgaria in the 1980s 189 // Bulgaria in the 1980s: demographic 189 // 127 Bulgaria in the 1980s: economic 190 // 129 Bulgaria in the 1980s: social 191 // Czechoslovakia in the 1980s 193 // 131 Czechoslovakia in the 1980s: // 133 demographic 193 // Czechoslovakia in the 1980s: economic 194 // 135 Czechoslovakia in the 1980s: social 195 // 135 The German Democratic Republic in the 1980s 197 // 137 The German Democratic Republic in the 1980s: demographic 197 // 138 The German Democratic Republic in the 1980s: economic // The German Democratic Republic in the 1980s: social // Hungary in the 1980s // Hungary in the 1980s: demographic // Hungary in the 1980s: economic // Hungary in the 1980s: social // Poland in the 1980s // Poland in the 1980s: demographic // Poland in the 1980s: economic // Poland in the 1980s: social // Romania in the 1980s // Romania in the 1980s: demographic // Romania in the 1980s: economic // Romania in the 1980s: social // Yugoslavia in the 1980s //
Yugoslavia in the 1980s: demographic // Yugoslavia in the 1980s: ethnicity and office-holding // Yugoslavia in the 1980s: economic // 7 The end of Communist rule and post-Communist Eastern Europe // Albania: basic data // Albanian elections, 1991-2 // Belarus: basic data // Contemporary Belarus // Bosnia and Hercegovina: basic data // Bosnia-Hercegovina since 1991 // Bulgaria: basic data // Bulgaria elections, 1990-2 // Contemporary Bulgaria: economic // Bulgaria in the 1980s: ethnic composition // Croatia: basic data // Contemporary Croatia // Croatian elections since 1991 // Croatia: economic // The Czech Republic: basic data // The Czech Lands, 1989-93: political // Estonia: basic data // Contemporary Estonia // Estonia: election results, 1992 // Estonia: economic // 201 Hungary: basic data // 203 Hungarian elections since 1989 // 203 Hungary: economic // 204 Latvia: basic data // 205 Contemporary Latvia // 207 Latvia: election results, 1993 // 207 Latvia: economic // 208 Lithuania: basic data // 209 Contemporary Lithuania // 211 The Lithuanian elections of 1992 // 211 Lithuania: economic // 212 Macedonia: basic data // 213 Contemporary Macedonia // 215 Macedonia: political // 215 Macedonia: economic // Moldova: basic data // Contemporary Moldova // Moldova: economic // Poland: basic data // Polish election results, 1991 and 1993 // Poland: economic // Romania: basic data // Romanian election results, 1990 and 1992 // Romania: economic // Slovakia: basic data // Contemporary Slovakia // Slovak election results, 1990-4 // Slovenia: basic data // Contemporary Slovenia // Slovenia election results, 1992 // Ukraine: basic data // Contemporary Ukraine // Ukraine: election results, 1994 // Ukraine: economic // The wars of Yugoslav succession // ‘Rump’ Yugoslavia since 1991 // Glossary of topographical names // Index