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Princeton : Princeton University Press, c1988

xii,308 s. : il. ; 25 cm

ISBN 0-691-08506-4

ISBN 0-691-08505-6 (brož.)

Monographs in behavior and ecology

Obsahuje bibliografii na s. [289]-302 a rejstříky

Ekologie - modelování dynamické - učebnice vysokošk.

Etologie - modelování dynamické - učebnice vysokošk.

000025108

Contents // Preface and Acknowledgments xi // Introduction 3 // I Fundamentals 9 // 1 Basic Probability 11 // 1.1 Notation 11 // 1.2 Discrete Random Variables and // Distributions 15 // 1.3 Conditional Expectation 18 // Appendices // 1.1 The Poisson Process 19 // 1.2 Continuous Random Variables 25 // 1.3 Some Other Probability Distributions 29 // 1.4 Renewal Processes 37 // 2 Patch Selection 41 // 2.1 Patch Selection as a Paradigm 41 // 2.2 Biological Examples 42 // 2.3 The Simplest State Variable Model 45 // 2.4 An Algorithm for the Dynamic // Programming Equation 52 // 2.5 Elaborations of the Simplest Model 58 // 2.6 Discussion 63 // Appendices // 2.1 Further Elaborations of the Patch // Selection Paradigm 63 // 2.1.1 Alternative Constraints 63 // 2.1.2 Variable Handling Times 64 // 2.1.3 A Diet Selection Model 65 // 2.1.4 A Model with "Fat Reserves" and "Gut Contents" 67 // 2.1.5 Sequential Coupling 69 // 2.1.6 Uncertain Final Time 71 // 2.2 Lifetime Fitness and Utility 73 // 2.3 Behavioral Observations and Forward // Iteration 76 // 2.4 The Fitness of Suboptimal Strategies 79 // Addendum to Part I: How to Write a Computer Program 82 // II Applications 105 // 3 The Hunting Behavior of Lions 107 // 3.1 The Serengeti Lion 108 // 3.2 Some Possible Explanations of // Lions’ Hunting Behavior 109 // 3.3 A Dynamic Model 113 // 3.4 Communal Sharing 121 // 3.5 Discussion 124 // 4 Reproduction in Insects 126 // 4.1 Fitness from Egg Production and Experimental Background 126 //

4.2 A Model with Mature Eggs Only 131 // 4.3 A Model with Mature Eggs and Oocytes 142 // 4.4 Parasitism and Density Dependence 143 // 4.5 Discussion 148 // 5 Migrations of Aquatic Organisms 149 // 5.1 Diel Vertical Migrations of Zooplankton 152 // 5.1.1 Cladocerans 153 // 5.1.2 Copepods 162 // 5.2 Diel Migrations of Planktivores 165 // 5.2.1 A Model of Aquatic Predation 167 // 5.2.2 A Dynamic Model of Diel // Migrations 171 // 5.3 Predictions of Zooplankton Migrations 178 // 6 Parental Allocation and // Clutch Size in Birds 182 // 6.1 A Single-Year Model of Parental Allocation and Clutch Size 183 // 6.2 A Multi-Year Model of Parental // Allocation and Clutch Size 192 // 6.3 Hypothesis Generation and Testing Dynamic Behavioral Models 195 // Movement of Spiders and Raptors 198 // 7.1 Movement of Orb-Weaving Spiders 199 // 7.2 Population Consequences of Natal Dispersal 204 // Additional Topics 213 // Formulation and Solution of State Variable Models 215 // 8.1 Identifying State Variables, Constraints, and Dynamics 217 // 8.2 The Optimization Criterion: Fitness 223 // 8.3 The Dynamic Programming Algorithm 225 // 8.3.1 Computer Realization 228 // 8.3.2 Discretization and Interpolation 228 // 8.3.3 Sequential Coupling 231 // 8.3.4 Stationarity 232 // 8.4 Alternative Modeling Approaches 233 // 8.4.1 Average-Rate Models 233 // 8.4.2 Mean-Variance Models 235 // 8.4.3 Life-History Models 238 // 8.4.4 Optimal Control Theory 238 // Appendix // 8.1 Fitness in Fluctuating Environments 240 // Some Extensions of the Dynamic Modeling Approach 247 // 9.1 Learning 247 // 9.2 Dynamic Behavioral Games 259 // 9.2.1 A Dynamic Game between Tephritid // Flies 261 // 9.2.2 A Game between Juvenile Coho // Salmon 270 // Epilogue: Perspectives // on Dynamic Modeling 280 // References 289 // Author Index 303 // Subject Index 306