.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

VYRAZENO

3rd ed.

Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, 1995

xvi,526 s. : il.

ISBN 0-471-91739-7 (brož.)

Obsahuje nákresy, grafy, diagramy, tabulky, mapky, předmluvy, rejstřík

Bibliografie: s. 466-515

* Země * geodynamika * historická geologie * kontinentální drift * paleogeografie * pojednání * vývoj

Drift kontinentální - pojednání

Geodynamika - pojednání

000029281

Preface to First Edition xiii // Preface to Second Edition xv // Preface to Third Edition xvii // Chapter 1 Introduction 1 // The Pre-geological Period 1 // Time-scales 2 // The Precambrian Time-scale 2 // The Phanerozoic Time-scale 2 // The Framework of the Continents 4 // In Perspective - Forwards or Backwards? 5 // Chapter 2 // The Plate Tectonic Paradi // ,m // Broad Structure of the Plates 8 // Types of Plate Boundary 8 // Divergent Boundaries 10 // Transform Faults 12 // Convergent Boundaries 14 // Orogens 14 // Post-collisional Intra-continental // Deformation 17 // Chapter 3 // Palaeomagnetism and Continental // Tectonics 19 // Palaeomagnetic Poles 19 // Polar-wander Paths 20 // Laurentia 20 // Gondwanaland 20 // Continental Drift during the Phanerozoic 22 // Constraints on Tectonic Problems 23 // Chapter 4 // Palaeoclimatology and the Fossil // Record 28 // Carbonates and Reefs 28 // Evaporites 29 // Red Beds 30 // Coal 31 // Phosphorites 31 // Oil in the Tethyan Seaway 32 // Palaeozoic Glaciation of Gondwana 33 // Factors affecting the Distribution, Diversity and // Extinction of Species 35 // Bolide Impacts and Extinctions 38 // Possible Mechanisms 38 // Physical Evidence 38 // Biological Evidence 41 // Conclusion 42 // The Phanerozoic Fossil Record 42 // Early Palaeozoic 43 // Late Palaeozoic 45 // Mesozoic 46 // Cenozoic 47 // Chapter 5 Rifts to Oceans 49 // Plumes and Hotspots 51 // Triple Junctions, Domes, Aulacogens and // Rifts 56 // Magmatism and Rifting 57

// Mafic Dykes 57 // Alkaline Magmatism 58 // Continental Flood Basalts 59 // Kimberlites 60 // Evolution from Rifts to Oceans 61 // Passive Continental Margins and Sedimentary // Basins 61 // The Red Sea 67 // Oceanic Magnetics and Sea-floor // Spreading 69 // Stratigraphy of the Oceanic Crust 69 // Oceanic Islands 71 // Oceanic Plateaus 72 // Mineralization 72 // Intracontinental Settings 72 // Oceanic Environments 74 // Chapter 6 Island Arcs 76 // Location and Age 76 // Subduction Zones 76 // Types of Arcs and their Structure 77 // Components of Arcs 80 // The Trench - accretionary Wedge 80 // The Fore-arc 83 // The Magmatic Arc 84 // The Back-arc/Marginal Basin 87 // The Roots of Arcs 88 // High-pressure Metamorphism 90 // Mineralization 90 // Chapter 7 Continental Margin Orogens: the // Western Americas 92 // Terranes and Terranology 92 // The Cordilleran Orogen of North America 92 // Terranes 93 // Cordilleran Extension and Metamorphic // Core Complexes 98 // Mineralization 104 // The Andean Orogen of South America 105 // Tectonic Development and // Framework 105 // Terranes 109 // Mineralization 111 // Chapter 8 The Alps and the Cenozoic Deformation of Europe 113 // Synopsis 113 // Rock Units 116 // Late Triassic Evaporites 116 // Carbonate Platforms 116 // Ophiolites 117 // Flysch 120 // Molasse 120 // Late Miocene Evaporites 121 // Mineralization 122 // The Alps: Tectonic Development 123 // Mesozoic Rifting 123 // The Piemont Ocean 123 // The European Passive Continental

// Margin 123 // The Adriatic Passive Continental // Margin 125 // Cretaceous Convergence 125 // Tertiary Collision 125 // The Cenozoic Deformation of Europe 128 // The Mediterranean Microplates 128 // Western and Central Europe 132 // Chapter 9 The Himalaya and the Cenozoic I // Deformation of Asia 134I // Tectonic Evolution 134| // The Karakoram 138I // The Chalt- Shyok (Northern) Suture 140 // The Trans-Himalayan Batholith and the // Kohistan - Ladakh Island Arc 140 // The Indus- Zangbo Suture Zone 142 // The Indian Plate Margin in Pakistan 144 // The Higher Himalaya of India 144 I // The Lower (Lesser) Himalaya 146 // The Siwalik Foreland Basin 148 // Tibet 148 // Tibetan Plateau and Climatic Change 151 // Central Asia 152 // Mineralization 153 // Pre-Mesozoic Host Rocks 155 // The Karakoram 155 // Continental Shelf 156 // Indus- Zangbo Suture Zone 156 // Ophiolites 156 // The Kohistan Arc 156 // Molasse Basin 156 // Chapter 10 Pangaea: Permian- Triassic 157 // The Geoid 158 // Palaeomagnetic Data 160 // Coalescence 160 // Gondwanaland Glaciation 160 // Climate 163 // Tetrapods 164 // Geological Links 165 // Break-up 165 // Mineralization 167 // Chapter 11 // Terranes // The Variscan Orogen // 168 // 168 // The Northern Foreland 168 // Cornwall- Rhenish Terrane 169 // Channel- Saxothuringian Terrane 173 // North Brittany Terrane 174 // Barrandian - Central Brittany Terrane 174 // Galicia -Massif Central- Gfohl // Terrane 174 // Vendee - Cevennes - Drosendorf // Terrane 175

// Aquitaine- Montagne Noire - Moravian // Terrane 176 // Tectonic Evolution 176 // Pre-collisional History 176 // Collisional History 177 // Mineralization 181 // Pb-Zn in Carbonate Sediments 181 // U- Sn- W Deposits and the Granites of // Western Europe 183 // Ag-Base Metal Deposits 185 // Sediment-hosted Massive Sulphide // Deposits 185 // Volcanic Exhalative Massive Sulphide // Deposits 185 // Kupferschiefer Copper Deposits in Central // Europe 186 // Chapter 12 // Caledonian - Appalachian // Orogen // 187 // The Tectonic Framework 187 // The Iapetus Ocean 190 // The Opening Stage 190 // The Closing Stage 190 // Palaeomagnetism and the Position of the // Continents 193 // Faunal Provinces 193 // Suture Zones 194 // The Structural Suture 197 // The Isotopic Suture 199 // Ophiolite Complexes 199 // Newfoundland 200 // Ballantrae 205 // Unst, Shetland Islands 205 // Terranes along the Orogen 205 // The British and Irish Caledonides 206 // North Highland Terrane 206 // Grampian Terrane 206 // Highland Border Terrane 206 // Midland Valley Terrane 208 // Northern Belt Terrane 210 // Cockburnland Terrane 210 // Central (Southern Uplands) Terrane 210 // Lake District - Wexford Terrane 211 // Monian Terrane 211 // North and Central Wales 211 // The Midlands Microcraton 211 // Southeast England Caledonides 211 // The Appalachians 212 // The Humber Terrane 212 // Dunnage - Gander - Piedmont // Terranes 212 // Piedmont (or Inner Piedmont) // Terrane 212 // Dunnage Terrane 214 // Gander

Terrane 214 // Avalon Terrane 214 // Meguma Terrane 214 // Tectonic Evolution 214 // Pre-rifting 214 // Iapetus Rifting, the Early Continental Margin // and Ocean 215 // The Closure of Iapetus 215 // The Taconic Orogeny 217 // Silurian- Early Devonian 218 // Middle- Late Devonian 218 // Carboniferous-Permian 218 // Mineralization 220 // Continental Margin Rifts and Basins 220 // Ophiolites 220 // Subduction-related Magmatic Arcs 221 // Post-orogenic Granites 222 // Post-collisional Thrusts 222 // The Faunal Suture 195 // The Geophysical Suture 195 // Chapter 13 Late Proterozoic Supercontinents, // Basins, Dykes, Glaciations and Life // Forms 225 // Supercontinents 225 // Tectonic and Depositional Environments 228 // Late Precambrian Oil and Gas 232 // Tillites and Global Glaciation 233 // Palaeomagnetism and Palaeolatitudes 234 // The Impactile Model 235 // Mineralization 235 // Stratiform Copper 235 // The Rise and Fall of Stromatolites 236 // Biostratigraphy of the Proterozoic 236 // The Late Proterozoic Stromatolite // Decline 237 // Proterozoic Eucaryotes 238 // The First Metazoa 238 // The Precambrian- Cambrian Boundary 240 // Chapter 14 Late Proterozoic Orogens 244 // Pan-African Orogens 244 // The Arabian - Nubian Shield 244 // The Mozambique Belt 248 // The Trans-Saharan Belt 253 // The Trans-African Shear Zone 254 // The Damara Orogen 255 // Other Pan-African Belts 256 // Mineralization 257 // The Arabian Shield 257 // High-grade Orogens 260 // Orogenic and Plate Models

261 // Chapter 15 The Mid-Proterozoic Supercontinent and the Grenville // Orogen 262 // The Supercontinent 262 // Anorogenic Magmatism 263 // The Grenville Orogen 269 // The Mid-continent Rift 275 // Mineralization 276 // Final Comment 277 // Chapter 16 Early Proterozoic Orogens, // Magmatism and Sediments 278 // Mafic Dykes and Continental Break-up 278 // Ophiolites 281 // The Jormua Ophiolite, Finland 281 // The Purtunique Ophiolite, Canada 281 // The Payson Ophiolite, Arizona, USA 283 // The Penokean Orogen 287 // Orogens 288 // Collisional Orogens 288 // Accretionary Orogens 294 // �Anorogenic’ Magmatism 303 // Banded Iron-formations (BIF) 304 // Red-beds 306 // Palaeosols 306 // Phosphorites 309 // Evaporites 310 // Tillites 310 // Microfossils, Megafossils, Coal and Oil 311 // Impactites 312 // Sudbury 312 // Vredefort 314 // Mineralization 314 // Chapter 17 Crustal Evolution in the // Proterozoic 317 // Supercontinents 317 // Arc-accretionary Orogens 319 // Collisional and Extensional Orogens 321 // Sutures 322 // Ophiolites 324 // Blueschists 324 // High-pressure Granulites 325 // Palaeomagnetic Constraints 325 // Proterozoic Plate Models 326 // Chapter 18 Late Archaean Basins, Dykes and // Layered Intrusions 333 // Sedimentary Basins 333 // The Pongola Supergroup 333 // The Witwatersrand Supergroup 334 // The Ventersdorp Supergroup 337 // The Transvaal Supergroup 338 // The Pilbara Block, NW Australia 338 // The Oraniemi Association 341 // Dykes 341 // The

Great Dyke, Zimbabwe 341 // Matachewen Swarm 342 // Other Basic Dykes 342 // Layered Igneous Complexes 342 // The Stillwater Complex 342 // The Usushwana Complex 342 // The Millindinna Complex 342 // The Palaeosol Problem 342 // Mineralization 343 // Gold and Uranium 343 // Chromium 344 // Platinum 344 // Chapter 19 Archaean Greenstone - Granite // Belts 345 // General Form, Distribution and Type 345 // Geochronology 346 // Stratigraphy 346 // Some Key Regions 348 // The Superior Province, Canada 348 // The Slave Province, Canada 352 // The Barberton Belt, South Africa 353 // Zimbabwean Belts 360 // Western Australia 361 // The Dharwar Belts of Southern India 362 // Magmatism 363 // Sedimentation 366 // Structure 368 // Metamorphism 370 // Mineralization 371 // Chromite 371 // Nickel 372 // Gold 372 // Copper- Zinc 373 // Tantalum 374 // Iron 374 // The Earliest Life Forms 375 // Micro-organisms 375 // Stromatolites 375 // Chapter 20 Archaean Granulite - Gneiss // Belts 377 // Rock Units 377 // Quartzo-feldspathic Gniesses 378 // Supracrustal Rocks 379 // Isotopic Data of Earliest Terrestrial Minerals and // Rocks 384 // Metamorphism 385 // Deformation Patterns 387 // Some Key Regions 388 // Kapuskasing Uplift, Ontario 388 // Montana- Wyoming, USA 391 // West Greenland 391 // Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa 396 // Southern India 398 // Mineralization 399 // Iron-formations 399 // Cr in Anorthosites and Ultramafics 399 // Meta-volcanic Amphibolites 399 // Gold 399 // Tectonic Evolution

400 // Chapter 21 Crustal Evolution in the // Archaean 401 // Thermal Budget and the Archaean Mantle 401 // Archaean Oceanic Lithosphere 402 // Archaean Subduction Zones 404 // Archaean Continents and Mountains 408 // Tectonic Models 409 // Kaapvaal - Zimbabwe Cratons 410 // Superior- Slave Provinces 411 // West Greenland 412 // South India 413 // Diamonds and the Roots of Continents 414 // Chapter 22 // The Evolving Continents // 417 // The Atmosphere and Hydrosphere 418 // Early Degassing 418 // The Oxygen Budget 418 // The Carbon Dioxide Balance 422 // Atmospheric Evolution and the Development of // Life Forms 424 // Palaeoclimates and Tectonics 427 // Sedimentation 431 // Sedimentary Deposits in Relation to // Age 431 // Recycling 432 // Sedimentological Trends 434 // Chemical Trends 435 // Magmatism 435 // The Proterozoic 438 // Oceanic Crust through Time 439 // Island Arcs and Andean-type Magmatic // Belts 441 // Thermal Regimes 443 // Heat Production 444 // Secular Trends in Metamorphic Belts 444 // Blueschists 445 // Granulites 446 // Eclogites 446 // Metallogeny 447 // The Archaean 447 // The Proterozoic 448 // The Phanerozoic 449 // Secular Trends 449 // Crustal Evolution 454 // Continental Growth Models 454 // Freeboard 456 // The Earth Evolution Paradigm 457 // Pre-4.0 Ga. Hadean Stage; No Rock // Preservation 457 // 4.0-3.2 Ga. Intra-oceanic Growth and // Incipient Arcs and Continents 457 // 3.2-2.6 Ga. Major Surge of Continental // Growth 458 // 2.6-2.4 Ga. The Archaean-Proterozoic

// Boundary and Supercontinent 459 // 2.4-2.0 Ga. The Break-up of // Continents 462 // 2.0-1.6 Ga. Major Crustal Growth 462 // I.6-1.4 Ga. Supercontinent 463 // I.4-1.0 Ga. Grenvillian Orogens 463 // I.0-0.5 Ga. Two Supercontinents and PanAfrican Orogens 463 // 0.5 Ma- Present. Two Wilson Cycles and a // Supercontinent 464 // References 466 // Index 517