Contents // Preface ix Acknowledgments xi // PARTI // chapter 1 Body Composition Definitions, Classification, and Models___3 // Definitions and Classification of Body Fatness___4 // Body Composition Models___6 // Review Material ___12 // chapter 2 Use of Regression Analysis in Body Composition ___15 // Basic Statistical Concepts___15 // Bivariate Regression Analysis___16 // Multiple Regression Analysis___17 // Polynomial Regression___18 // Cross-Validation Techniques___18 // Criteria for Evaluating Methods and Prediction Equations for Groups___19 // Criteria for Evaluating Methods and Prediction Equations for Individuals_21 // Review Material ___23 // chapter 3 Body Composition Reference Methods___27 // Hydrodensitometry ___27 // Air Displacement Plethysmography___33 // Hydrometry___37 // Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry___40 // A Combined-Methods Approach for Reference Measures___43 // Additional Reference Methods ___44 // Summary___44 // Review Material ___45 // chapter 4 Skinfold Method___49 // Assumptions and Principles of the Skinfold Method___.___49 // Skinfold Prediction Models___50 // Using the Skinfold Method___51 // Skinfold Technique___51 // Sources of Measurement Error___57 // Review Material ___65 // v // vi Contents // chapter 5 Additional Anthropometric Methods ___67 // Assumptions and Principles of the Anthropometric Method___67 // Using the Anthropometric Method to Estimate Body Composition___68 // Using Anthropometric Indices for Classification of Disease Risk___75
// Using Anthropometric Measures for Frame Size Classification // and Anthropometric Profiles___ 79 // Review Material___82 // chapter 6 Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method ___87 // Assumptions and Principles of the BIA Method___88 // BIA Models and Approaches___89 // Using the BIA Method___92 // BIA Technique___ 93 // Sources of Measurement Error___94 // Review Material___97 // chapter? Near-Infrared Interactance Method ___99 // Assumptions and Principles of the NIR Method ___99 // NIR Prediction Models___ ?1 // Using the NIR Method___102 // NIR Technique___ 102 // Sources of Measurement Error___:___ 103 // Review Material___105 // PART II Body Composition Methods and Equations // CHAPTER 8 Body Composition and Children 109 // Fat-Free Body Composition of Children 110 // Body Composition Models and Reference Methods 110 // Field Methods and Prediction Equations 112 // Review Material 120 // CHAPTER 9 Body Composition and Older Adults 123 // Fat-Free Body Composition of Older Adults 124 // Body Composition Models and Reference Methods 124 // Field Methods and Prediction Equations 126 // Review Material 133 // CHAPTER 10 Body Composition and Ethnicity 135 // Body Composition Models and Reference Methods 136 // Assessing Body Composition of African Americans 137 // Assessing Body Composition of American Indians 142 // Contents vii // Assessing Body Composition of Asians___ 145 // Assessing Body Composition of Caucasians___149 // Assessing Body Composition of Hispanics___
152 // Review Material___I55 // chapter 11 Body Composition and Athletes___159 // Fat-Free Body Composition of Athletes___160 // Body Composition Models and Reference Methods___161 // Field Methods and Prediction Equations___ 162 // Low Body Fat and Health Risks___169 // Review Material___172 // PART III Body Composition Methods and Equations // chapter 12 Body Composition and Cardiopulmonary Diseases ___177 // Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure ___177 // Heart and Lung Transplants___179 // Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Restrictive Pulmonary Disease _ 180 // Cystic Fibrosis ___ 182 // Review Material ___ 183 // chapter 13 Body Composition and Metabolic Diseases___185 // Obesity___ 186 // Diabetes Mellitus___ 190 // Thyroid Diseases___ 191 // Review Material ___192 // chapter 14 Body Composition and Wasting Diseases and Disorders ___195 // Anorexia Nervosa,___195 // HIV and AIDS___ 197 // Cancer___ 200 // Kidney Failure and Dialysis ___ 200 // Cirrhosis and Other Liver Diseases___ 201 // Spinal Cord Injury___202 // Neuromuscular Diseases___ 204 // Review Material ___ 205 // chapter 15 Assessing Body Composition Changes ___209 // Reference Methods___209 // Field Methods and Prediction Equations___ 210 // Summary___ 212 // Review Material ___ 213 // vili Contents // appendix a Derivation of Constants for 2-C Model Conversion Formulas 215 // appendix ? Field Method and Prediction Equation Finders 217 // B.1 Field Method and Prediction Equation Finder for Healthy
Adults 217 // B.2 Field Method and Prediction Equation Finder for Children and Older Adults 218 // B.3 Field Method and Prediction Equation Finder for Athletes 219 // B.4 Field Method and Prediction Equation Finder for Clinical Populations 220 // appendix c Sources for Body Composition Equipment 221 // Abbreviations and Symbols 225 Glossary 227 References 233 Index 260 // About the Authors 268