Contents // Introduction v // Glossary vii // Chart of Sounds, Guide Words and // Main Spelling Patterns xi // 1 The English Spelling System 1-58 // 1.1 A brief historical background 1-5 // L2 The rules of English spelling 6-11 // 1.3 American spellings 12-15 // 1.4 Apostrophes 16 // 1.5 Capital letters 17-18 // 1.6 Double consonants 19-22 // 1.7 Etymology - the history of words 23 // 1.8 Finale 24-25 // 1.9 Foreign words 26 // 1.10 Grammar 27-28 // 1.11 Greek spelling conventions 29 // 1.12 Hyphens 30 // 1.13 Latin spelling conventions 31 // 1.14 Meaning 32-34 // 1.15 Native spelling conventions 35-36 // 1.16 Plurals 37-39 // 1.17 Silent consonants 40-48 // 1.18 Sounds and spelling 49-52 // 1.19 Three letter rule 53 // 1.20 Vowel digraphs 54-55 // 1.21 Word formation 56-58 // 2 Sounds and their Spelling Patterns 59-179 // 2.1 The 24 main vowel sounds 59-105 // Z2 ‘Schwa’(/a/) In word endings 106-116 // 2.2.1 -able or -ible? 106-107 // 2.2.2 -ant or -ent? 108-110 // 2.2.3 -er, -or, or -ar? 111-115 // 2.2.4 -al. -el, -11. -le, -ol. от -ul? 116 // 23 The 24 main consonant sounds 117-179 // 3 Word Lists 180-303 // iv