Contributors viii // Series editors’ preface ix // Acknowledgements x // Overview xi // I 1 CURRICULUM OVERVIEW 1 // Chapter 1 A decision-making framework for the coherent language curriculum 1 - Robert Keith Johnson // 2 CURRICULUM PLANNING 24 // Chapter 2 Syllabus design, curriculum development and polity determination 24 - Theodore S. Rodgers // Chapter 3 DES-1MPL-EVALU-IGN: an evaluator’s checklist 35 - Peter Hargreaves // II ENDS/MEANS SPECIFICATION 48 // Chapter 4 Needs cfssessment in language programming: from theoryfto practice 48 - Richard Berwick // Chapter 5 The role of needs analysis in adult ESL programme design 63 - Geoffrey Brindley // Chapter 6 Service English programme design and opportunity cost 79 - John Swales // III PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION 91 // Chapter 7 Faculty development for language programs 91 - Martha C. Pennington // Chapter 8 The evolution of a teacher training programme 111 - Michael Breen, Chris Candlin, Leni Dam, and Gerd Gabrielsen // Chapter 9 Appropriate design: the internal organisation of course units 136 - Graham Low // Chapter 10 Beyond language learning: perspectives on materials design 155 - Andrew Littlejohn and Scott Windeatt // IV CLASSROOM IMPLEMENTATION 176 // Chapter 11 Hidden agendas: the role of the learner in programme implementation 176 - David Nunan // Chapter 12 The evaluation cycle for language learning tasks 187 - Michael Breen // Chapter 13 Seeing the wood AND the trees: some thoughts on language teaching analysis 207 - H. H. Stern // V EVALUATION 222 // Chapter 14 Language program evaluation: a synthesis of existing possibilities 222 - James Dean Brown // Chapter 15 The development and use of criterion-referenced tests of language ability in language program evaluation 242 - Lyle F. Bachman // Chapter 16 Mastery decisions in program evaluation 259 - Thom Hudson // Chapter 17 Tailoring the evaluation to fit the context 270 - Warwick B. Elley // Bibliography // Index