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0 (hodnocen0 x )

(2) Půjčeno:2x 

BK

3rd ed.

Boulder : Westview Press, c2008

xxii, 473 s. : il., grafy, mapy ; 23 cm

ISBN 978-0-8133-4367-9 (brož.) ISBN !0-8133-4367-4 (chyb.)

Obsahuje bibliografii na s. 345-458, rejstřík

000081632

CONTENTS // List of Illustrations Preface to the Third Edition List of Acronyms // --- PART ONE --ENVIRONMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY // History9Theory, and Method // 1 PEOPLE IN ECOSYSTEMS // Human Adaptability as a Response to Constraints, 6 // Modeling, 11 // Energy, 14 // Matter, 18 // Information, 20 // Ecosystems and Global Change, 22 Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 23 Note, 25 // 2 THEORIES OF HUMAN-HABITAT INTERACTION // Environmental Determinism, 28 // Cultural Determinism: Nature as a Limiting Factor, 31 // Human Adaptation to Environment, 34 // Cultural Ecology: Comparison in Human-Environment Research, 39 Applications of the Cultural Ecological Method, 41 // viii // Contents // Ecological Anthropology, 47 Ethnoecological and Cognitive Approaches, 50 Historical Ecology, 51 Political Ecology, 53 // Political Economy and Human Adaptability, 55 Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 56 Notes, 58 // 3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND METHODS 61 // Ecosystem Relationships, 61 // Soils and Plant Productivity, 68 // Physiological Responses, 77 // Sociocultural Regulatory Adjustments, 83 // Information and Decisions: Toward Actor-Based Approaches, 86 // Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 89 // Note, 91 // 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND // SPATIAL ANALYSIS 93 // The Challenge of Scale and Levels of Analysis, 95 Human Adaptability to Global Environmental Change, 98 The Use of Remote Sensing and CIS in the Social Sciences, 100 Experimental Approaches in the Social Sciences, 113 Spatial

Analysis and the Study of Institutions, 115 Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 117 Notes, 120 // --- PART TWO --STUDIES OF HUMAN ADAPTABILITY // 5 HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO ARCTIC ZONES 123 // The Arctic Ecosystem, 124 // Adaptation to Cold Stress, 130 // Coping with Snow and Sea Ice, 136 // Adaptation to Prolonged Light and Darkness, 139 // Coping with Low Biological Productivity, 142 // Change in the Arctic, 146 // Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 151 // Note, 155 // Contents // ix // 6 HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO HIGH ALTITUDES 157 // Mountain Ecosystems, 159 // Adaptation to Hypoxia, 163 // Adaptability to Cold Stress in the Andes, 174 // Aridity and Low Productivity, 176 // Climate Change and High Altitude Ecosystems, 182 // Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 183 // Notes, 186 // 7 HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO ARID LANDS 189 // Desert Ecosystems, 190 Adjustments to Dry Heat, 196 Utilization of Resources, 201 Irrigation, 208 // Change in Desert Ecosystems, 220 Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 222 // 8 HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO GRASSLANDS 227 // Grasslands Ecosystems, 229 // Herd Management, 236 // Relations with Cultivators, 248 // Adaptive Strategies in the Northern Plains, 249 // Global Change and the Future of Grasslands and Pastoralism, 257 // Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 259 // 9 HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO THE HUMID TROPICS 263 // Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems, 266 Coping with Ecosystem Complexity, 273 Adaptability to Humid Heat, 292 // Global Change Processes

and Alternatives to Deforestation, 295 Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 300 Notes, 304 // --- PART THREE --URBAN SUSTAINABILITY // 10 URBAN ECOLOGY AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY 307 // The History of Cities, 310 The Ecology of Cities, 311 // x // Contents // Spatial Aspects of the City: Compact Versus Sprawl Patterns, 315 // Reducing Dependence on the Automobile, 317 // Cities and the Upcoming Water Crisis, 319 // An Integrative View of the Urban Ecosystem, 321 // The Urban LTERs, 323 // Final Remarks, 324 // Suggested Readings and Useful Websites, 326 // Glossary // Bibliography // Index // 331 // 345 // 459