Contents // Preface vii // Part I Usable theories 1 // 1 Setting up a course 3 // Part II Language teaching and linguistics: current issues 13 // 2 Proficiency in a second language 15 // 3 Language functions and pragmatics 28 // 4 Discourse analysis and course design 39 // Part III From theory to practice 49 // 5 Teachers and teaching 51 // 6 Teachers and linguists 59 // 7 Teachers and course design 69 // Part IV Frameworks for second language course design 83 // 8 Syllabus and methodology 85 // 9 ? proportional approach 92 // Contents // 10 Three case studies 102 // 11 Using frameworks 130 // Appendix A Sample task-based frameworks 157 Appendix ? Frameworks for Communications Needs Courses References 193 Index 203