.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

New York : John Wiley & Sons, cop. 1997

xiii,495 s. : il.

ISBN 0-471-10933-9 (váz.)

Obsahuje rejstřík a slovníček pojmů.

Geografie ekonomická - svět - učebnice vysokošk.

000086741

Contents // Chapter 1 // Introduction to the Study of Economic Geography 1 // LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION 2 Case 1.1 Builders Square 4 // PRICE, DEMAND, SPATIAL INTERACTION, AND AGGLOMERATION 5 // Insights 1.1 Elastic Demand and Distance Decay 11 // Insights 1.2 Agglomeration Economies in the Biotech Industry 12 // Case 1.2 Electronics Revolution Affects Jobs 13 // MORE THAN MARKETS 14 // Insights 1.3 Flow Control 18 // Insights 1.4 Making Location Decisions by Discounting Costs and Benefits 19 Case 1.3 Colts Relocation Closes Chapter in City’s History 20 Case 1.4 Wood to Energy in Northern Maine 23 // Chapter 2 // Location Principles and Land Use 29 // SUPPLY, PRICE, AND ECONOMIC RENT 30 // ECONOMIC RENT AND THE LOCATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 33 LOCATION RENT 36 Insights 2.1 A Numerical Example of Location Rent and Distance from a Central Market 40 Insights 2.2 Location Constraints and Farming the American Frontier 41 LOCATION EQUILIBRIUM 42 LOCATION SHIFTS 43 Case 2.1 The Sacred Crow 48 ECONOMIC RENT AND LAND USE IN CITIES 49 Insights 2.3 William Alonso’s Model of Urban Land Use 55 // viii // Contents // LAND PRICES, RENT, AND HIGHEST AND BEST USE 58 // Case 2.2 Pratt and Whitney and the Highest and Best Use of a Location 59 // Chapter 3 // Global Patterns of Agricultural Land Use // AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 65 // Insights 3.1 The Agricultural Sector in the Least Developed Countries 72 // CAPITAL-INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE 74 // Case 3.1 Economies of Scale in Pork Production

75 // AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 77 // Case 3.2 Canada Counts on Canola 78 // ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION AND DEGRADATION 80 // Insights 3.2 Agriculture and the Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect 82 // AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND DIFFUSION 86 // TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY 89 // THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL POLICY 90 // Case 3.3 Milk Price Supports in the United States 94 // THE ROLE OF EXTERNAL MARKETS 96 // Case 3.4 State-by-State Effects of Agricultural Trade Liberalization 98 // Chapter 4 // Land-Use Transition, Conflict, and Control // COMPETITION FOR LAND 106 LAND TENURE 109 // Insights 4.1 Extreme Cultural Differences in Systems of Land Tenure 111 // RIGHTS OF STAKEHOLDERS 112 // Insights 4.2 The North Woods Inventory 114 // Case 4.1 Multiple Use in the Owyhee Canyonlands 115 // EXTERNALITIES 119 // GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT OF LAND USE 122 Insights 4.3 An Integrated Approach to the // Planning and Management of Land Resources 125 Insights 4.4 Rhode Island’s Policies for General Land Development 127 AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE PRESERVATION POLICIES 128 Case 4.2 Agricultural Land Preservation in Lebanon, Connecticut 131 OTHER LAND-USE POLICIES 132 // Contents // ix // Insights 4.5 Conflicting Policies and Unintended Effects 135 Case 4.3 I’m from the Government, and I’m Here to Help You 136 // Chapter 5 // Resource Use: Population, Technology, and Accessibility 141 // THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS 142 // MALTHUSIAN POPULATION THEORY 144 // Insights 5.1 The Population Debate 145 // TRENDS

IN WORLD POPULATION GROWTH 149 // THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION 152 // RESOURCE USE AND LOCATION 156 // CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES 158 // LOCATION RENT AND RESOURCE EXPLOITATION 161 // Case 5.1 Moving Down the Resource Pyramid in Alaska 162 // TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCE SUBSTITUTION 164 // Case 5.2 Reducing Resource Consumption in // California by Increasing Consumption Efficiency 165 PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC GOODS 167 ENERGY RESOURCES 168 // POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ENERGY PRODUCTION 173 MODELS OF NONEXCLUSIVE RESOURCE USE 176 Case 5.3 Maine Lobster 180 // RENEWABLE RESOURCES WITH MULTIPLE USES 182 Insights 5.2 The Importance of Forests 185 Case 5.4 Wood as an Economic Resource 186 // Chapter 6 // Transportation and Spatial Interaction 193 // TRANSPORT SERVICES: SUPPLY AND DEMAND 194 Insights 6.1 General Transport Policies in Rhode Island 197 Insights 6.2 Net Present Value versus Cost-Effectiveness Analysis as a Basis for Transit Investment Decisions 197 TRANSPORT, SPECIALIZATION, AND LOCATIONAL INERTIA 198 Case 6.1 The Implications of Losing a Line of Accessibility 201 // MODELS OF SPATIAL INTERACTION 202 // Insights 6.3 Transport Routes, Accessibility, and Spatial Structure 207 // x // Contents // Insights 6.4 The Doubly Constrained Spatial Interaction Model 209 TRANSPORTATION COSTS 210 SYSTEMS OF FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION 212 OTHER INFLUENCES ON TRANSPORT COSTS 213 // TRANSPORT REGULATION AND DEREGULATION IN THE UNITED STATES 217 // PRODUCER PRICING 219 // Case 6.2 Effects of Unbundling

223 // Chapter 7 // The Location of Manufacturing 22Ł // THE SHIFTING GEOGRAPHY OF MANUFACTURING 229 // LOCATION FACTORS AND TRENDS 233 // ADEQUACY OF SERVICES 236 // LABOR AVAILABILITY 236 // MARKET ACCESS 236 // Insights 7.1 JIT and Flexibility 237 // BUSINESS CLIMATE 238 // Insights 7.2 Right-to-Work in Louisiana 238 // Case 7.1 Manufacturing Location Subsidies Gone Bad 239 // ACCESS TO RAW MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 241 // QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 242 // INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION 242 // LOCATION MODELS 243 // Insights 7.3 The Market Potential Model and the Aggregate Travel Model 245 THE LÖSCH MODEL 247 THE HOTELLING MODEL 250 // Case 7.2 Comparative Costs in Jet Engine Manufacturing 252 // THE WEBER MODEL 253 // Case 7.3 Manufacturing Costs in Mexico 256 // THE EVANS MODEL 257 // THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE AND LOCATIONAL SHIFTS 258 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MANUFACTURING 261 Case 7.4 Stanley, Hardware, and International Manufacturing 266 // Chapter 8 // The Location of Services 272 // THE GROWTH OF SERVICES 273 // Case 8.1 The Recent Growth of Services in Chicago 277 // Contents // XI // LOCATION IN THE TERTIARY SECTOR 280 // Insights 8.1 Retail Site Selection 282 // CENTRAL PLACE THEORY 283 // HIGH- AND LOW-ORDER PLACES 285 // IS CENTRAL PLACE THEORY REALISTIC? 287 // Insights 8.2 Reilly’s Law of Retail Gravitation 288 // Insights 8.3 Competing Destinations 291 // Case 8.2 Is Bigger (and Cheaper) Better? 293 // LOCATION IN THE QUATERNARY SECTOR 295 // Case 8.3

The Decline of Wall Street 297 // THE SERVICE MNC 299 // Insights 8.4 The Eclectic Model of EDI 302 // Case 8.4 The International Insurance Industry 303 // Case 8.5 International Management Consulting 305 // Chapter 9 // Urban and Regional Economic Growth 310 // URBANIZATION AND BIG CITIES 311 // LOCALIZATION AND URBANIZATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE 313 // URBAN GROWTH TRENDS 314 // REGIONAL EXPORTS AND GROWTH 318 // THE CENTRAL PLACE MULTIPLIER 319 // THE ECONOMIC BASE MULTIPLIER 320 // Case 9.1 The Service Exports of Four Texas Cities 322 // INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 324 // Case 9.2 Impacts of Cuts in Defense Spending on States 325 // LOCAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH POLICIES 328 // GROWTH CENTERS AND ENTERPRISE ZONES 329 // Case 9.3 An Enterprise Zone in East Hartford, Connecticut 330 // BUSINESS RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION 332 // APPENDIX 9.1 INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 334 // APPENDIX 9.2 SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS 338 // Chapter 10 // International Trade: Patterns and Management 340 // GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS 341 // Case 10.1 Big Emerging Markets in International Trade 348 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 350 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE 351 // Contents // Insights 10.1 Comparative Advantage in Television and Tractors 352 FACTOR ENDOWMENT THEORY 354 // Insights 10.2 How Currency Exchange Rates Are Determined 357 // Case 10.2 Comparative Advantage in Labor-Intensive Production 358 // TRADE IN OLIGOPOLISTIC AND MONOPOLISTIC MARKETS 360 // MARKET THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 361 // THE MNC AND MANAGED TRADE 363

// Case 10.3 International Production and Trade in an MNC 365 // GOVERNMENT AND MANAGED TRADE 367 // Insights 10.3 Domestic Gains and Losses Associated with Tariffs 368 // DUMPING 369 // STRATEGIC INDUSTRIES 370 // NONTARIFF BARRIERS 371 // Case 10.4 State Employment Effects of American Trade Protection 372 EXPORT MANAGEMENT 374 MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 375 Insights 10.4 Conflicting Views of Labor and // Capital on the Uruguay Round of the GATT 378 Insights 10.5 Agenda 21 on International Flows of Hazardous Wastes 381 REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 382 THE EUROPEAN UNION 383 NAFTA 384 // Case 10.5 Texas’ Merchandise Exports to Mexico and the State’s Employment 386 // Chapter 11 // Economic Growth and Development: // National Patterns and Processes 393 // NATIONAL INCOME 394 // Insights 11.1 How GNP and GDP Are Calculated 396 // MEASURING LIVING STANDARDS 397 // RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES 399 // Insights 11.2 AIDS and Economic Development 404 // ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 406 // REGIONAL INEQUALITY 407 // Insights 11.3 Educating Women and Economic Development 409 INTERNAL PROCESSES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 411 THE NEOCLASSICAL MODEL 412 MODERNIZATION THEORY 414 COEVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT 416 // Contents // xiii // BARRIERS TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 417 // Insights 11.4 Internal Issues in Economic Development 419 // CASE 11-1 Government-Induced Rents in East Asia 421 // EXTERNAL LINKS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 423 // Insights 11.5 External Issues in Economic Development

425 // THE ROLE OF TRADE 427 // Cáse 112 Exports and Economic Growth in Some Developing Countries 430 Case 11.3 Export Diversincation in Bangladesh 432 FINANCING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 434 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, MULTINATIONAL // CORPORATIONS, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 435 // Insights 11.6 FDI in the LDCs 437 // Chapter 12 // Geographic Perspectives on Sustainable // Economic Growth and Development 442 // SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 443 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH 445 // Insights 12.1 Principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 448 Case 12.1 Issues of Sustainability in Four Countries 453 Case 12.2 Toward Sustainable Development in Sierra Leone 455 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH 459 // Insights 12.2 Environmental Projects and Geographical and Temporal Equity 462 SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND // DEVELOPMENT: INTERNATIONAL ISSUES 463 Insights 12.3 Are There Conflicts Between National Interests // and International Controls of Environmental Degradation? 466 Case 12.3 Air Pollution and Multinational Corporations 470 // Glossary // Index // 477 // 487