The author and series editors vii // Introduction viii // Section One : Tcaching and learning as social activities 1 // 1 What is a role? 3 // 1.1 Defining social roles 3 // 1.2 Role sets and role networks 6 // 1.3 Some problems associated with role 9 // 1.4 Teachers and learners 10 // 2 Factors influencing teacher and learner roles 11 // 2.1 Interpersonal factors 12 // 2.2 Task-related factors 33 // 2.3 Group processes 36 // 2.4 Topics 40 // 2.5 Teacher and learner roles: summary 45 // Section Two: Teacher and learner roles in the classroom 49 // 3 Teaching tasks and teaching strategies 51 // 3.1 Teaching style 52 // 3.2 Instructional tasks and instructional strategies 69 // 3.3 Instructional materials and resources 75 // 4 Language learning tasks and activities 101 // 4.1 Learning groups and learning activities 101 // 4.2 The individual learner 117 // 4.3 Classroom processes: summary 124 // Section Three : Investigating teacher and learner roles 125 // 5 Some investigations 127 // 6 Setting up your own investigations 148 // 6.1 Finding a topic to investigate 148 // 6.2 Making a start 151 // 6.3 Collecting data: summary of methods 152 // 6.4 Interpreting your results 152 // Glossary 157 // Further reading 159 // Bibliography 161 // Index 165