.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(3) Půjčeno:5x 

BK

3rd ed.

New York : W. H. Freeman, c2007

xxvi, 758 s. : il., mapy, grafy ; 26 cm

ISBN 978-0-7167-4983-7 (váz.) ISBN !0-7167-4983-1 (chyb.)

Obsahuje černobílé fotografie, tabulky

Bibliografie na s. [685]-723, rejstřík

Ornitologie - pojednání

000100478

Brief Table of Contents // Part 1 Origins 1 // Chapter 1 The Diversity of Birds 3 // Chapter 2 History 25 // Chapter 3 Systematics 51 // Part 2 Form and Function 77 // Chapter 4 Feathers 79 // Chapter 5 Flight 115 // Chapter 6 Physiology 141 // Part 3 Behavior and Communication 181 // Chapter 7 Senses, Brains, and Intelligence 183 // Chapter 8 Vocalizations 215 // Part 4 Behavior and the Environment 243 // Chapter 9 The Annual Cycles of Birds 245 // Chapter 10 Migration and Navigation 273 // Chapter 11 Social Behavior 307 // Part 5 Avian Life Histories 333 // Chapter 12 Mates 335 // Chapter 13 Breeding Systems 367 // Chapter 14 Bird Sex 399 // Chapter 15 Nests and Incubation 431 // Chapter 16 Parents and Their Offspring 467 // Chapter 17 Lifetime Reproductive Success 503 // Part 6 Population Dynamics and Conservation 531 // Chapter 18 Populations 533 // Chapter 19 Species 571 // Chapter 20 Communities 603 // Chapter 21 Conservation 635 // vii // Contents // Preface // Acknowledgments Ornithology: A Short History // PART 1 Origins // CHAPTER 1 The Diversity of Birds 3 // Basic Characters of Birds 4 // Adaptive Radiation of Form and Function 9 // Life Histories Ig // Natural Selection and Convergence 19 // Biogeography 20 // CHAPTER 2 History 25 // Birds As Reptiles 26 // Archaeopteryx: The Original Link Between Birds and Reptiles 27 // Birds As Dinosaurs 31 // Early Evolution of Birds 37 // Evolution of Feathers 39 // Evolution of Flight 40 // Modern Birds 41 // BOX 2-1 The Avian

Genome: One Billion DNA Base Pairs Strong 36 ix // 51 // x___ // Contents CHAPTER 3 Systematics // Species and Speciation 51 // Scientific .Names 53 // Classification and Phylogeny 57 // Taxonomic Characters 58 // Cladistics 61 // Biochemical Systematics 63 // BOX 3-1 DNA-DNA Hybridization Compares Total Genetic Divergence 64 // PART 2 Iform ani Function // CHAPTER 4 Feathers 79 // Feather Structure 79 // Feather Growth 89 // Evolution of Feathers 91 // Feather Colors 94 // The Feather Coat 100 // Feather Care 102 // Plumage Color Patterns 105 // Molts and Plumages 108 // BOX 4-1 Desert Sandgrouse Carry Water in Modified Feathers 82 // BOX 4-2 The Bird That Calls Like a Cricket 85 // BOX 4-3 The Display Plumes of Egrets Nearly Caused Their Extinction 87 BOX 4-4 Bright Red Marks the Best Male House Finches 95 // BOX 4-5 Structural Colors of Bird Skin and Eyes 91 // CHAPTER 5 Flight 115 // Elementary Aerodynamics 116 // Kinds of Flight 122 // Wing Sizes and Shapes 131 // The Skeleton 133 // Flight Muscles 136 // Muscle-Fiber Metabolism 136 // Flightless Birds 137 // BOX 5-1 Peregrine Falcons: Speed Stooping 122 // BOX 5-2 Flying in Formation 123 // BOX 5-3 The Furcula Is a Flexible, Elastic Spring 134 // CHAPTER 6 Physiology xi 141 CONTENTS // The High Body Temperatures of Birds 142 // The Respiratory System 143 // The Circulatory System 148 // Metabolism 150 // Temperature Regulation 152 // Feeding and Digestion 164 // Energy Balance and Reserves 171 // Water Economy 173 // BOX

6-1 Birds Hyperventilate Without Severe Penalty 147 // BOX 6-2 Global Warming 157 // BOX 6-3 Selection for Larger House Sparrows 161 // PART 3 Behavior and Communication // CHAPTER 7 Senses, Brains, and Intelligence // Vision // Detection of Magnetic Fields Hearing // Mechanoreception // Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell // Bird Brains // Cognition and Intelligence // BOX 7-1 How Robins Find Worms // BOX 7-2 Birds Like Chili Peppers // BOX 7-3 New Zealand Kiwis Snifffor Heir Food // BOX 7-4 Anklets Use Perfume // BOX 7-5 Conversations with a Parrot Explore Avian Intelligence // 190 // 191 195 197 200 206 184 // 197 // 198 // 199 209 // CHAPTER 8 Vocalizations 215 // Physical Attributes 215 // Vocabularies and Communication 221 // Sound Production by the Syrinx 222 // Roles of the Central Nervous System 227 // Learning to Sing 229 // Dialects 235 // xii___ // contents Vocal Mimicry 237 // Songs and Mates 238 // BOX 8-1 A Vocabulary for Sounds and Vocalizations 216 // BOX 8-2 Chickadees Tell Flock Mates Which Predator Is Lurking 223 // BOX 8-3 Birds Have Two Independent Voices 226 // BOX 8-4 Birds with Fixed Repertoires Learn Songs in Four Stages 232 // BOX 8-5 Both Bird Vocalists and Human Fiddlers Have Technical Duels 238 BOX 8-6 Bush Shrikes Duet with Precision 240 // PART 4 Behavior and the Environment // CHAPTER 9 The Annual Cycles of Birds 245 // Basic Annual Cycles 246 // Annual Cycles of the White-crowned Sparrow 248 // Circadian Rhythms and the Photoperiod 250 // Master

Hormones 255 // Breeding Seasons 258 // Timing of Migration 259 // Scheduling High-Cost Efforts 262 // Nonannual Cycles 265 // Climate Change 269 // BOX 9-1 Precisely When Do American Robins Nest? 260 // BOX 9-2 Molt by White-crowned Sparrows Requires Energy // and Special Nutrition 263 // BOX 9-3 Late Molts in the American Redstart Incur Costs 266 // CHAPTER 10 Migration and Navigation 273 // Migration 274 // Navigation 295 // BOX 10-1 Radar Records Document the Decline of Migrant Birds 278 // BOX 10-2 A Migrating Thrush Outperforms Ornithologists 283 // BOX 10-3 The Black-necked Grebe Reorganizes Its Whole Body 292 // BOX 10-4 Baby Buntings Learn the Night Sky 304 // CHAPTER 11 Social Behavior 307 // Individual Space 308 // Territorial Behavior 309 // Social Rank 3 4 // Agonistic Behavior 3jg // Hocks 320 // Communal Roosts 331 // BOX 11-1 Territory Defense by Sunbirds Depends on Economics 310 // BOX 11-2 Dominant Blue Tits Are More Cautious Than // Their Subordinates 315 // BOX 11-3 Harris’s Hawks Hunt in Teams 321 // BOX 11-4 Optimal Size of a Quail Covey 324 // BOX 11-5 Wanted: Experienced Parrot Flocks for Conservation 325 // BOX 11-6 Coloniality in Yellow-rumped Caciques Reduces Predation 329 // PART 5 Avian Life Histories // CHAPTER 12 Mates 335 // Life-History Strategies 336 // Mate Choice and Sexual Selection 338 // Evolution of Displays 344 // Monogamy 359 // Cuckoldry and Promiscuity 361 // BOX 12-1 Blue Tits Choose Mates in the Ultraviolet 341 // CHAPTER 13 Breeding

Systems 367 // Diversity 368 // Polygyny 370 // Polyandry 373 // Brood Parasitism 377 // Cooperative Breeding 385 // Bee-eaters and Families 392 // BOX 13-1 Coots Count 378 // BOX 13-2 Altruism Bypasses Infidelity in an Endangered Island Warbler 389 BOX 13-3 Knowing Kin by Their Calls 395 // CHAPTER 14 Bird Sex 399 // xiii // CONTENTS // The Sexes Ovary and Ovum // 400 // 405 // xiv___ // CONTENTS // Testes and Sperm Copulation // Fertilization and Sperm Competition The Complete Egg Egg Formation in the Oviduct The Embryo Clutch Size // BOX 14-1 Manipulating Egg Quality and Brood Mates BOX 14-2 Prolonged Copulation // BOX 14-3 Sperm Competition Among Smith’s Longspurs BOX 14-4 Determinate versus Indeterminate Egg Layers // CHAPTER 15 Nests and Incubation // Nests // Incubation // Hatching // Moundbuilders // BOX 15-1 Fragrance Helps // BOX 15-2 Kittiwakes Adapt to Cliff Nesting // BOX 15-3 Bone-Making Protein Changes Finch Bills // CHAPTER 16 Parents and Their Offspring // Altricial Compared with Precocial Modes of Development // Begging for Food // Sibling Rivalry // Parenting // Fledging // Behavioral Growth and Development BOX 16-1 Development Categories of Hatchlings BOX 16-2 Laughing Kookaburras: Last to Hatch Loses BOX 16-3 Feeding Nestlings // BOX 16-4 Endangered-Species Projects Accommodate the Sexual Preferences of Hand-Reared Birds BOX 16-5 Password Access to Cowbird Society // CHAPTER 17 Lifetime Reproductive Success // Life-History Patterns Life Tables // Longevity

and Life Span // 409 // 412 // 416 // 418 // 423 // 425 // 427 // 407 // 412 // 418 // 427 // 431 // 432 447 460 462 436 438 454 // 467 // 468 // 478 // 479 482 490 493 471 // 480 484 // 495 // 499 // 503 // 504 506 510