.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(4) Půjčeno:4x 

BK

1st publ.

Cambridge : Cambridge University, 1994

vii,117 s.

ISBN 0-521-31276-0 (brož.)

Cambridge handbooks for language teachers

Obsahuje rejstřík.

Bibliografie: s. 112-115.

Jazyky cizí - komunikace řečová - techniky - učebnice

Komunikace řečová - jazyky cizí - techniky - učebnice

000110993

Contents // Acknowledgements vii // Introduction 1 // 1 Aims and resources 11 // 1.1 Aims 12 // 1.2 Resources 15 // 1.3 Needs 18 // 1.4 Expectations 19 // 2 Test types 22 // 2.1 Self-assessment 22 // 2.2 Teacher assessment 27 // 2.3 Who does the learner speak to? 28 // 2.4 The direct interview type 31 // 2.5 The pre-arranged information gap 32 // 2.6 Tests where the learner prepares in advance 33 // 2.7 Mechanical/entirely predictable tests 33 // 2.8 Recording oral tests 34 // 2.9 Using the telephone 36 // 2.10 Sequencing test techniques 37 // 2.11 Timing and location of tests 39 // 2.12 On being friendly 42 // 3 Elicitation techniques 44 // 3.1 Discussion/conversation 45 // 3.2 Oral report 47 // 3.3 Learner-learner joint discussion/decision making // 3.4 Role-play 51 // 3.5 Interview 54 // 3.6 Learner-learner description and re-creation 5 6 // 3.7 Form-filling 58 // 3.8 Making appropriate responses 59 // 3.9 Question and answer 61 // 3.10 Reading blank dialogue 64 // 3.11 Using a picture or picture story 66 // Contents // 3.12 Giving instructions/description/explanation 69 // 3.13 Precis or re-tell story or text from aural stimulus // 3.14 Re-telling a story from written stimulus 73 // 3.15 Reading aloud 76 // 3.16 Translating/interpreting 79 // 3.17 Sentence completion from aural or written stimulus // 3.18 Sentence correction 84 // 3.19 Sentence transformation 84 // 3.20 Sentence repetition 86 // 4 Marking systems 88 // 4.1 The number of assessors 89 // 4.2 The selection and

training of assessors 90 // 4.3 Marking recorded oral tests 92 // 4.4 Marking keys or marking protocols 94 // 4.5 Mark categories 95 // 4.6 Weighting 97 // 4.7 Rating scales 98 // 4.8 Impression marking 100 // 4.9 Additive marking 101 // 4.10 Subtractive marking 102 // 5 Test evaluation 104 // 5.1 Face validity 105 // 5.2 Content validity 106 // 5.3 Construct validity 106 // 5.4 Reliability 107 // 5.5 Concurrent validity 107 // 5.6 Predictive validity 108 // Appendix! Three public oral tests 109 Appendix II Bibliography and further reading 112 // Index 116 // Index // achievement test, 13 additive marking, 101 aims, 12 // appropriate responses, 59 assessors, 7 number of, 89 training of, 90 aural stimulus, 71 authentic, 8 // best test, 9 // categories, mark, 95 communicative, 8 completion, of sayings, 83 of sentences, 81 compression, of test, 35 context, discussion of, 72 continuous assessment, 27 conversation, 45 correction, of own errors, 84 of sentences, 84 // decision-making, 49 description, of model, 56 of system, 69 diagnostic test, 13 discourse reference, 82 discussion, 45 duration of test, 40 // elicitation techniques, 44 evaluate, 9 // expectations, learners’, 19 explanation, 69 // factor analysis, 4 // form-filling, 58 formulaic responses, 61 friendly testing, 42 // gapfill, 82 glossary of terms, 6 // impression marking, 100 information gap, 32 instructions, for test, 40 giving, as a test, 69 interlocutor, 7 interpreting, 79 interview, 54 interviewer, 7 // language

laboratory tests, 34 learner, 7 // lecture, discussion of, 50 length of test, 40 location of test, 41 // map-reading, 5 8 mark, // categories, 95 weighting, 97 marker, 7 marking, additive, 101 impression, 100 keys, 94 subtractive, 102 systems, 88 mechanical tests, 33 message, passing on, 72 minimal pairs, 77 model of communication, 2 moderation, 7 // 116 // Index // naming objects, 64 from pictures, 68 needs, 18 analysis, 19 // notes, speaking from, 74 // objective, 8 optional cut-off, 41 oral test, definition, 7 // performance criteria, 96 phonetic markers, 77 picture, picture story, 66 ordering pictures, 68 similar pictures, 67 placement test, 12 precis, 71 // preparation for test, 40 proficiency test, 12 psychometrics, 4 // question // and answer, 61 formation, 63 types, 63 questionnaire, 59 // rating scales, 98 reading aloud, 76 blank dialogue, 64 dialogue, 77 from table, 78 recording tests, 34 for marking, 92 re-creation, of model, 56 reliability, 9, 88,107 repetition, of sentence, 86 report, oral, 47 reporting speech, 85 resources, 15 // re-telling story, 71, 73 role-play, 51 reluctance, 52 // sayings, completion of, 83 scales, rating, 98 self-assessment, 22 sentence // completion, 81 correction, 84 repetition, 86 transformation, 84 sequence of techniques, 37 set texts, 75 spelling aloud, 78 stages, in interview, 55 stimulus, 8 subjective, 8 // subtractive marking, 102 // teacher assessment, 27 telephone, used in tests, 36 for reporting speech, 85 in role-play, 54 test compression,

35 text completion, 82 themes, summary of, 6 timing of test, 39 transformation, of sentences, 84 translation, 79 // unseen texts, 75 // validity, 9 concurrent, 107 construct, 106 content, 106 face, 105 predictive, 108 // written stimulus, 73