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0 (hodnocen0 x )

(1) Půjčeno:1x 

BK

1st pub.

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2005

xv, 314 s. : il. ; 23 cm

ISBN 0-521-84447-9

ISBN 978-0-521-69612-8 (dotisk ; brož.)

Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

000188589

Contents // Preface and Acknowledgments page xi // i Introduction: Metaphor and the Issue of Universality i // The Main Issue: Universality and Variation in Metaphor 2 // Components of the Cognitive Linguistic View of Metaphor 5 // A New Look at the Issue of Universality and Variation // in Metaphor 10 // PART 1: UNIVERSAL METAPHORS // 2 Metaphor: From Language to Body, and Back 17 // Metaphor in the Body 18 // Metaphor in the Brain 23 // Metaphor in Thought 26 // Metaphor in Language 32 // Why Are Metaphors Universal? 34 // 3 Universality in Metaphorical Conceptualization 35 // The Case of Emotions 35 // The Event Structure Metaphor 43 // Time 47 // Inner Life 54 // Which Metaphors Are Universal, and Why? 63 // PART II: DIMENSIONS OF METAPHOR VARIATION // 4 Cross-Cultural Variation 67 // Congruent Metaphors 68 // Alternative Metaphors 70 // vii // viii Contents // Preferential Conceptualization 82 // Unique Metaphors 86 // 5 Within-Culture Variation in Metaphor 88 // The Social Dimension 89 // The Ethnic Dimension 92 // The Regional Dimension 93 // The Style Dimension 95 // The Subcultural Dimension 97 // The Diachronic Dimension 103 // The Developmental Dimension 105 // The Individual Dimension 106 // Breaking Down the Boundaries of Dimensions 111 // PART III: ASPECTS OF METAPHOR INVOLVED // IN VARIATION // 6 How Components of Conceptual Metaphor Are // Involved in Variation 117 // Source and Target 118 // The Relationship Between Source and Target 121 // Mappings 123 // Entailments

127 // Blending 128 // Metaphor Variation: Where Are We Now? 130 // 7 Conceptual Metaphors and Their Linguistic Expression // in Different Languages 131 // The Expression of the Same Figurative Meaning 132 // The Expression of Abstract Meaning Across Languages 143 // Cross-Linguistic Differences in the Expression of the Same // Conceptual Metaphor 151 // Cultural-Ideological Background 155 // How Do Our Four Questions Get Answered? 160 // 8 Metaphor in Social-Physical Reality 163 // How Can Conceptual Metaphors Be Realized in Social Practice? 163 // American Studies and Cognitive Science 167 // Metaphorical Aspects of American Culture 170 // Is the American Mind Static and Monolithic? The Case of // Emotions in America 177 // Individual Variation in Metaphor 182 // Metaphor at the Heart of American Culture: life as a show 184 // What Does This Mean for the Study of American Culture? 189 // Toward a New Cultural Studies 192 // r // Contents ix // 9 Metaphors and Cultural Models 193 // Central Metaphors and Cultural Models 194 // Does Metaphor Reflect or Constitute Cultural Models? 200 // The Relationship Between Conceptual Metaphors and Cultural // Models in Real Discourse 223 // How Do Cultural Models Emerge? 227 // PART IV: CAUSES OF METAPHOR VARIATION // 10 Causes of Variation in Metaphor 231 // Differential Experience 232 // Differential Cognitive Preferences and Styles 246 // Further Causes of Metaphor Variation? 258 // 11 Creativity: Metaphor and Blending 259 // Metaphorical

Creativity 259 // Creativity Through Blending 267 // Differential Application of Universal Creative Processes 282 // 12 Culture, Coherence, Conflict 283 // Metaphor and Culture 283 // Coherence 285 // Conflict 288 // Universality and Variation in Metaphor: The Overall Picture 292 // References // Index // 295 // 307