.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(2.5) Půjčeno:5x 

BK

6th ed.

Harlow : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010

xvii, 373 s. : il., mapy ; 25 cm

ISBN 978-0-273-71763-8 (brož.)

Terminologický slovník

Obsahuje bibliografie a rejstřík

000230748

A guide to using this book xiv // Acknowledgements xv // 1 Social geography and the sociospatial dialectic i // Key questions addressed in this chapter 1 // 1.1 Different approaches within human geography 1 // The quantitative approach 1 // The behavioural approach 2 // The structuralist approach 2 // Poststructuralist approaches 3 // The study of urban social geography 3 // 1.2 The sociospatial dialectic 5 // 1.3 The macro-geographical context 5 // A changing context for urban social geography 6 // Economic change and urban restructuring 6 // The imprint of demographic change 9 // The city and cultural change 13 // Political change and the sociospatial dialectic 13 // Chapter summary 14 // Key concepts and terms 14 // Suggested reading 14 // International journals 15 // 2 The changing economic context of city life // Key questions addressed in this chapter 17 // 2.1 The precapitalist, preindustrial city 17 // 2.2 The growth of the industrial city 20 // Early models of the spatial structure of industrial cities 21 // Marx and the industrial city 22 // Fordism and the industrial city 23 // Keynesianism and the ‘long boom’ of Fordism 24 // V // 2.3 The contemporary city 27 // Neo-Fordism 27 // Urban change under neo-Fordism 29 // Postindustrial society under neo-Fordism 30 // Globalization 33 // Knowledge economies and the informational city 34 // 2.4 Conclusions 37 // Chapter summary 37 // Key concepts and terms 38 // Suggested reading 38 // 3 The cultures of cities 40 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 40 // 3.1 What is culture? 40 // The materiality of cultures 41 // Shared meanings 41 // Diversity and difference 41 // Identities 43 // 3.2 Post colonial theory and the city 43 // Hybridity 45 // The social construction of culture 46 // 3.3 Space, power and culture 47 // Foucault and the carcerai city 47 // The social construction of space 48 // Space and identity 49 //

3.4 Postmodernism 51 // Postmodernism in the city 51 // Romantic capitalism: the aestheticization of consumption 54 // 3.5 Conclusions 55 // Chapter summary 57 // Key concepts and terms 57 // Suggested reading 58 // 4 Patterns of sociospatial differentiation 59 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 59 // 4.1 Urban morphology and the physical structure of cities 59 // House types, building lots and street layouts 60 // Morphogenesis 60 // Environmental quality 65 // 4.2 Difference and inequality: socio-economic and // sociocultural patterns 67 // Studies of factorial ecology 70 // Patterns of social well-being 73 // Intra-urban variations in the quality of urban life 75 // The geography of deprivation and disadvantage 75 // Chapter summary 82 // Key concepts and terms 83 // Suggested reading 83 // 5 Spatial and institutional frameworks: // citizens, the state and civil society 84 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 84 // 5.1 The interdependence of public institutions and private life 84 // Citizenship, patriarchy and racism 86 // The law and civil society 86 // The changing nature of urban governance 88 // Spaces of neoliberalization 89 // Green politics 92 // 5.2 De jure urban apaces 92 // Metropolitan fragmentation and its spatial consequences 92 // Fiscal imbalance and sociospatial inequality 93 // Fiscal mercantilism 94 // 5.3 The democratic base and its spatial framework 96 // The spatial organization of elections 97 // Malapportionment and gerrymandering 97 // The spatiality of key actors in urban governance: elected officials and city bureaucrats 97 // Bureaucracy and sociospatial (re)production 98 // The parapolitical structure 98 // Business 99 // Labour 99 // Citizen organizations and special interest groups 99 // Homeowners’ associations: private governments 101 // Urban social movements 103 //

5.4 Community power structures and the role of the local state 104 // Regime theory 104 // Structuralist interpretations of the political economy of // contemporary cities 105 // The local state and the sociospatial dialectic 106 // Regulation theory and urban governance 107 // Redefining citizenship 110 // Contents // 5.5 The question of social justice in the city 111 // Chapter summary 112 // Key concepts and terms 113 // Suggested reading 113 // 6 Structures of building provision and // the social production of the urban environment 115 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 115 // 6.1 Housing submarkets 116 // The growth of home ownership 116 // The decline of private renting 123 // The effects of rent controls 123 // The spatial effects of disinvestment 123 // The development of public housing 124 // Public housing in the United Kingdom 124 // Sociospatial differentiation within the public sector 125 // The voluntary sector: the ‘third arm’ of housing provision 129 // 6.2 Key actors in the social production of the built environment 130 // Landowners and morphogenesis 131 // Builders, developers and the search for profit 131 // Discrimination by design: architects and planners 134 // Women’s spaces 134 // Women’s places 135 // Mortgage financiers: social and spatial bias as good business practice 136 // Bias against people 137 // Bias against property 137 // Real estate agents: manipulating and reinforcing neighbourhood patterns 139 // Manipulating social geographies; blockbusting and gentrification 139 // Public housing managers: sorting and grading 143 // Problem families and dump estates 143 // Chapter summary 145 // Key concepts and terms 145 // Suggested reading 145 // 7 The social dimensions of modern // urbanism 147 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 147 // 7.1 Urban life in Western culture 147 //

7.2 Urbanism and social theory 148 // The Chicago School 149 // Urbanism as a way of life 149 // The public and private worlds of city life 152 // The self: identity and experience in private and public worlds 152 // 7.3 Social interaction and social networks in urban settings 154 // Social network analysis 154 // Urban ecology as shaper and outcome of social interaction 156 // The spatial model 157 // Criticisms of the ecological approach 158 // Social interaction in urban environments 160 // Social distance and physical distance 160 // Chapter summary 153 // Key concepts and terms 153 // Suggested reading 154 // 8 Segregation and congregation 165 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 165 // 8.1 Social closure, racism and discrimination 165 // 8.2 The spatial segregation of minority groups 166 // Issues of definition and measurement 167 // External factors: discrimination and structural effects 169 // Congregation: internal group cohesiveness 171 // Clustering together for defence 172 // Clustering for mutual support 172 // Clustering for cultural preservation 173 // Spaces of resistance: clustering to facilitate ‘attacks’ 173 // Colonies, enclaves and ghettos I74 // Illustrative example 1: structural constraints and cultural preservation in the United Kingdom I75 // Illustrative example 2: migrant workers in continental European cities 181 Chapter summary I35 // Key concepts and terms I85 // Suggested reading 185 // 9 Neighbourhood, community and the // social construction of place i87 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 187 // 9.1 Neighbourhood and community 188 // Urban villages: community saved? 188 // The fragility of communality 188 // Contents // Suburban neighbourhoods: community transformed? 190 // Splintering urbanism and the diversity of suburbia 191 // Status panic and crisis communality 191 // Communities and neighbourhoods: definitions and classifications 193 //

9.2 The social construction of urban places 193 // Urban lifeworlds, time-space routinization and intersubjectivity 196 // Structuration and the ‘becoming’ of place 198 // Constructing place through spatial practices 199 // Place, consumption and cultural politics 200 // Habitus 202 // 9.3 The social meanings of the built environment 202 // The appropriation of space and place: symbolism and // coded meanings 203 // Architecture, aesthetics and the sociospatial dialectic 204 // Commodification 205 // Architecture and the circulation of capital 205 // Chapter summary 208 // Key concepts and terms 208 // Suggested reading 208 // 10 Environment and behaviour in urban settings 210 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 210 // 10.1 Theories about deviant behaviour 211 // Determinist theory 212 // Crowding theory 213 // Design determinism 215 // Alienation 215 // Compositional theory 216 // Subcultural theory 216 // Structuralist theory 218 // Multi-factor explanations: the example of crime and delinquency 219 // Data problems 219 // The geography of urban crime 221 // 10.2 Cognition and perception 225 // Designative aspects of urban imagery 226 // Cognitive distance 229 // Appraisive aspects of urban imagery 229 // The cognitive dimensions of the urban environment 230 // Images of the home area 230 // Chapter summary 232 // Key concepts and terms 232 // Suggested reading 232 // 11 Bodies, sexuality and the city 234 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 234 // 11.1 Gender, heteropatriarchy and the city 235 // Gender roles in the sociospatial dialectic 236 // 11.2 Sexuality and the city 238 // Prostitution and the city 238 // Urbanization and prostitution 239 // Sex workers in contemporary cities 239 // Homosexuality and the city 240 // The social construction of sexuality 240 // Homosexual urban ecology 240 // Gay spaces 243 // Lesbian spaces 243 // Queer politics: lipstick lesbians and gay skinheads 244 //

11.3 Disability and the city 246 // The social construction of disability 247 // Disability in urban settings 248 // Chapter summary 250 // Key concepts and terms 251 // Suggested reading 251 // 12 Residential mobility and neighbourhood change 252 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 252 // 12.1 Patterns of household mobility 254 // Movers and stayers 254 // Patterns of in-migration 254 // Intra-urban moves 256 // Distance and direction 256 // Household movement and urban ecology 256 // The determinants of residential mobility 257 // Reasons for moving 257 // Space needs and life-course changes 258 // The decision to move 260 // The search for a new residence 263 // Specifying the desiderata of a new home 263 // Searching for vacancies 264 // Time constraints 266 // Choosing a new home 266 // 12.2 Residential mobility and neighbourhood change 267 // High-status movement, filtering and vacancy chains 267 // Obstacles to filtering 269 // Vacancy chains 270 // Chapter summary 270 // Key concepts and terms 270 // Suggested reading 271 // 13 Urban change and conflict 272 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 272 // 13.1 Externality effects 272 // The costs of proximity and the price of accessibility 273 // Competition and conflict over externalities 273 // 13.2 Accessibility to services and amenities 275 // The aggregate effects of aggregate patterns 276 // Amenities, disamenities, and social reproduction 277 // 13.3 Urban restructuring: inequality and conflict 278 // Decentralization and accessibility to services and amenities 278 // Accessibility and social inequality 279 // Redevelopment and renewal 280 // Planning problems: the British experience 280 // Service sector restructuring 282 // Deinstitutionalization and residualization 282 // Privatization 284 // Workfare 285 // Social polarization 285 // The informal urban economy 288 // Urban social sustainability 292 // Chapter summary 296 //

Key concepts and terms 296 // Suggested reading 297 // 14 Whither urban social geography? // Recent developments 298 // Key questions addressed in this chapter 298 // 14.1 Los Angeles and the ‘California School’ 299 // Critique of the LA School 301 // Los Angels: a paradigmatic city? 302 // 14.2 Cinema and the city 304 // Films as texts 304 // The influence of the city on film 305 // xii // Contents // The influence of film on the city 305 // Film as business 308 // ‘Curtisland’ 308 // City branding 309 // 14.3 Conclusion: whither urban social geography? 310 // Chapter summary 312 // Key concepts and terms 313 // Suggested reading 313 // Glossary 314 // References 345 // Index 363