Contents // Acknowledgements page ix // 1 Registers, genres, and styles: fundamental // varieties of language 1 // 1.1 Text varieties in your daily life 1 // 1.2 Texts, varieties, registers, and dialects 4 // 1.3 Registers and register analysis: an overview 6 // 1.4 Different perspectives on text varieties: // register, genre, style 15 // 1.5 Register/genre variation as a linguistic universal 23 // 1.6 Overview of the book 25 // Part I Analytical framework // 2 Describing the situational characteristics of registers // and genres 31 // 2.1 Introduction 31 // 2.2 Issues in the identification of registers and genres 31 // 2.3 A framework for situational analysis 36 // 2.4 Applying the situational analytical framework in a register study 47 // 3 Analyzing linguistic features and their functions 50 // 3.1 Introduction 50 // 3.2 Fundamental issues for the linguistic analysis of registers 51 // 3.3 Conducting quantitative analyses 58 // 3.4 Deciding on the linguistic features to investigate 63 // 3.5 Functional interpretations 64 // 3.6 Textual conventions: the genre perspective 69 // 3.7 Pervasive linguistic features that are not directly functional: the // style perspective 71 // 3.8 Embedded registers and genres 72 // 3.9 A short introduction to corpus linguistics 73 // 3.10 Small-scale versus large-scale register analyses 74 // Part II Detailed descriptions of registers, genres, and styles // 4 Interpersonal spoken registers 85 // 4.1 Introduction 85 // 4.2 Conversation 86 // vii
// viii // Contents // 4.3 University office hours 96 // 4.4 Service encounters 102 // 4.5 Conclusion 105 // 5 Written registers, genres, and styles 109 // 5.1 Introduction 109 // 5.2 Situational characteristics of newspaper writing and academic // prose HO // 5.3 Linguistic features in newspaper writing and // academic prose 114 // 5.4 Variation within the general registers 124 // 5.5 More specific subregisters: research article sections 129 // 5.6 Research articles from a genre perspective 131 // 5.7 Variation in fiction due to style 132 // 5.8 Conclusion 139 // 6 Historical evolution of registers, genres, and styles 143 // 6.1 Introduction 143 // 6.2 Historical change I: the fictional novel 144 // 6.3 Historical change II: the scientific research article 157 // 6.4 Historical change in the patterns of register variation 166 // 7 Registers and genres in electronic communication 177 // 7.1 Introduction: new technology and new registers 177 // 7.2 Individual e-mail messages 178 // 7.3 E-forum postings 190 // 7.4 Text messages 199 // 7.5 Chapter summary 208 // Part III Larger theoretical issues // 8 Multidimensional patterns of register variation 215 // 8.1 Comparing multiple registers 215 // 8.2 Introduction to multidimensional analysis 223 // 8.3 MD analysis of university spoken and written registers 226 // 8.4 Summary and conclusion 245 // 9 Register studies in context 253 // 9.1 Register studies in the broader context of linguistics 253 // 9.2 Register variation in languages
other than English 256 // 9.3 Speech and writing 260 // 9.4 Register variation and sociolinguistics 264 // 9.5 Register studies in the broader context of the world 267 // Appendix A Annotation of major register/genre studies // (by Federica Barbieri) 271 // Appendix ? Activity texts 296 // References 315 // Index 339