Contents // Introductory note and acknowledgements 5 // Exploring the cost and financing of drug treatment services in Europe 7 // Introduction 7 // Methods and data sources 7 // Drug treatment in Europe 8 // Financing drug treatment 10 // Drug treatment funding and non-governmental organisations 11 // Administrative level for drug treatment funding 12 // Payment mechanisms 12 // Estimating expenditure on drug treatment in Europe 14 // Distribution of funding by drug treatment modality 14 // Unit costs of drug treatment 16 // Detoxification 16 // Inpatient and outpatient psychosocial treatment 16 // Opioid substitution treatment 17 // Heroin-assisted treatment 19 // Conclusions 20 // References 22 // 3