.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, c2011

xi, 326 s. : il. ; 24 cm

ISBN 978-90-272-0786-9 (brož.)

Handbook of pragmatics highlights ; vol. 9

Obsahuje bibliografie, bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

000239662

Table of contents // Introduction: Pragmatics and praxis // Jan-Ola Östman // 1. Praxis i // 2. Practical linguistics 2 // 3. ‘Pragmatics in practice 3 // 3.1 Everyday language use in practice 4 // 3.2 Language and ethics 7 // 3.3 Pragmatic adaptability in practice 11 // 3.4 Linguistics applied’ 16 // 4. Towards responsibility in practice 19 // Applied Linguistics // Britt-Louise Gunnarsson // 1. Introduction 23 // 2. The educational setting 24 // 2.1 Child language and early literacy 25 // 2.2 Classroom interaction 26 // 2.3 Second and foreign language learning 27 // 2.4 Teaching methodology and language testing 27 // 2.5 Schooling and society 28 // 3. The economic-technical setting 28 // 3.1 Improving written documents 29 // 3.2 Studies of discourse in organizations 29 // 4. Legal and bureaucratic settings 31 // 4.1 Comprehensibility of legal and bureaucratic language 31 // 4.2 Asymmetries in court and police encounters 32 // 4.3 Forensic linguistics 33 // 5. The medical-social setting 33 // 6. The workplace 34 // 6.1 Workplace interaction 35 // 6.2 Conflicts and negotiations 35 // 6.3 Discourse and technology 36 // 7. Science and the academic setting 36 // 7.1 The sociological-rhetorical study of scientific discourse 36 // 7.2 The study of academic genres and writing 37 // 7.3 Spoken discourse within academia 38 // 8. Conclusion 38 // VI Pragmatics in practice // Authenticity // Martin Gill // 1. Introduction 46 // 2. Historical background 46 // 3. Understanding the concept

49 // 3.1 Properties of authenticity 49 // 3.2 Establishing authenticity 53 // 3.3 Experiencing authenticity 54 // 4. Authenticity and language 55 // 4.1 The Romantic legacy 55 // 4.2 Authenticating language 59 // 5. Conclusions 61 // Clinical pragmatics // Michael R. Perkins // 1. The scope of clinical pragmatics 66 // 2. Theoretical issues 67 // 2.1 Is pragmatic impairment a neurological, cognitive or behavioural phenomenon? 67 // 2.2 Modular vs interactionist theories of pragmatic impairment 68 // 3. Describing pragmatic impairment 69 // 3.1 Pragmatic profiles 69 // 3.2 Pragmatic theories and frameworks 70 // 3.3 Neuropragmatics 75 // 3.4 Cognitive pragmatics 76 // 4. The range of pragmatic impairments 77 // 4.1 Primary pragmatic impairment 78 // 4.2 Secondary pragmatic impairment 81 // 5. Clinical pragmatics and pragmatic theory 83 // Computer-mediated communication // Alexandra Georgakopoulou // 1. Introduction 93 // 2. CMC between speaking and writing 94 // 3. Play and performance 100 // 4. Communities 102 // 5. Self-presentation and identities 104 // 6. Conclusion 106 // Table of contents VII // Contrastive analysis 111 // Katarzyna Jaszczolt // 1. The contrastive enterprise 111 // 2. The unit of comparison 112 // 3. The method 113 // 4. The scope 114 // 5. Macro-contrastive analysis 115 // 6. Applications 115 // Corpus analysis 118 // ]an Aarts // 1. Introduction 118 // 2. Corpus design and typology 119 // ?. Corpus use and annotation 122 // 4. Some websites and journals

125 // 4.1 Corpus distribution centres 126 // 4.2 General information with links to other sites 126 // 4.3 Corpora 126 // 4.4 Software 127 // 4.5 Journals 127 // Emphasis 130 // Gerda Eva Lauerbach // 1. Definition, problems 130 // 2. Emphasis in rhetoric and stylistics; background norm, markedness, salience 132 // 3. Resources of emphasis 135 // 4. Practices of emphasizing 139 // 5. Resources and practices of emphasis beyond language 143 // 6. Emphasis on the social macro level, further questions 144 // Error analysis 149 // Hŕkan Ringbom // 1. Introduction 149 // 2. Identification of errors 150 // 3. Description and classification of errors 150 // 4. Explanation of errors 150 // 5. Limitations 151 // Vili Pragmatics in practice // General semantics 153 // Keith Allan // Irony 159 // Rachel Giora // 1. Definitions of irony 159 // 2. Irony comprehension 163 // 3. The function(s) of irony 167 // 4. Irony processing in partial implementation 169 // 4.1 Developmental aspects of irony comprehension 169 // 4.2 Hemispheric perspectives of irony comprehension 170 // 5. Future avenues of research 171 // Language ecology 177 // Tove Skutnabb-Kangas // 1. Introduction 177 // 2. Diversities - definitions, status and threats 178 // 2.1 Linguistic diversity 178 // 2.2 Biological/ecological diversity 180 // 2.3 Threats to diversities 181 // 3. Relationships between linguistic diversity and biodiversity 183 // 3.1 A correlational relationship 183 // 3.2 Towards causality in biocultural/biolinguistic

relationships 185 // 3.3 Traditional ecological knowledge encoded in small (indigenous and local) languages and its disappearance 186 // 3.4 Processes in the disappearance of traditional knowledge through hierarchisation of languages and knowledges in education 188 // 4. Work to counteract ecolinguistic threats and promote the survival of diversities 192 // 5. To conclude 193 // Language policy, language planning and standardization 199 // Robert K. Herbert // 1. Introduction and definitions 199 // 2. Language choice 200 // 3. Standardization 204 // 4. The social context of policy decisions 207 // 5. Conclusion 209 // Table of contents IX // Language and the law 211 // Philipp Sebastian Angermeyer // 1. Introduction 211 // 2. Methodologies and data sources 211 // 3. Legal discourse 213 // 3.1 Turn-taking and question-answer sequences 214 // 3.2 Legal-lay discourse 218 // 3.3 Legal discourse in intercultural and multilingual contexts 220 // 4. Speech act theory and Grices theory of conversational implicature 223 // 5. Conclusion 226 // Literacy 231 // Jenny Cook-Gumperz // 1. Literacy versus illiteracy - Literacy versus orality: // Are these oppositions? 231 // 2. Alternative literacies 233 // 3. Literacy and social memory: The great divide in social organization 234 // 4. Literacy and thought: Issues of the transmission of knowledge 237 // 5. Literacies of schooling or a schooled literacy’ 239 // 6. The language of literacy: Standard language or world languages? 240 // 7. The

oral-written language: A continuum or a difference 241 // 8. New directions in literacy studies 242 // 8.1 The new literacy studies 242 // 8.2 Textual domains and new media of communication 243 // 8.3 Scriptal Economies and the politics of written language 243 // Mass media 248 // Andreas H. Jucker // 1. Introduction and definition 248 // 2. The communicative situation 249 // 2.1 Producers 249 // 2.2 Periodicity and accessibility 250 // 2.3 Recipients 252 // 2.4 Interaction and interactivity 254 // 2.5 Delinearization and modularization 256 // 3. Manipulation and ideology 257 // 4. Conversations for an overhearing audience 258 // 4.1 Pragmatic reliability of data 258 // 4.2 Typology of dialogues for an overhearing audience 259 // 5. Diachronic aspects 259 // X Pragmatics in practice // Rhetoric 264 // Manfred Kienpointner // 1. Introduction 264 // 2. The legacy of ancient rhetoric 264 // 2.1 Rhetoric in antiquity 264 // 2.2 Rhetoric from ancient to modern times 267 // 3. Contemporary rhetoric 267 // 3.1 The new rhetoric of Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca 267 // 3.2 New rhetoric as scientific rhetoric 268 // 3.3 Normative approaches to rhetoric and argumentation 269 // 4. Fields of rhetoric 270 // 4.1 Techniques of argumentation 270 // 4.2 Techniques of formulation 271 // 4.3 Techniques of performance 272 // 5. The social macro-context of rhetoric 273 // 6. Rhetoric and other fields 273 // Signed language pragmatics 278 // Terry ]anzen, Barbara Shaffer & Sherman Wilcox // 1. The worlds

signed languages 278 // 1.1 Language and its expression 278 // 2. Subjectivity 279 // 3. Speech acts 280 // 3.1 Direct speech acts 280 // 3.2 Performatives 281 // 3.3 Indirect speech acts 281 // 4. Modality as an expression of subjectivity 282 // 4.1 Agent-oriented uses in AST 282 // 4.2 Epistemic uses and the role of syntax 283 // 4.3 Negative modal concepts 284 // 4.4 Historical sources and grammaticization 285 // 5. Information flow 286 // 5.1 Topic and constituent type 286 // 5.2 Topic-comment structure 288 // 5.3 Grammatical topics 289 // 5.4 Tiered topics and topic scope 290 // 5.5 Topic shift 290 // 6. Pragmatics and other signed languages 291 // Table of contents // Stylistics 295 // Elena Semino & Jonathan Culpeper // 1. Literary stylistics 295 // 2. General stylistics 300 // 3. Conclusion 302 // Translation studies 306 // Christina Schäffner // 1. Introduction 306 // 2. Linguistic approaches 308 // 3. Textlinguistic approaches 310 // 4. Functionalist approaches 312 // 5. Descriptive Translation Studies and Cultural Studies 314 // 6. Psycholinguistic approaches to translation, machine (assisted) translation, corpus studies, (multi)media translation, // sociological approaches 316 // 7. Conclusion 319 // Index // 323