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BK

2nd ed.

Sunderland : Sinauer Associates, c2011

xiv, 697, [53] s. : il. ; 29 cm

ISBN 978-0-87893-045-6 (váz.)

Obsahuje bibliografie a rejstřík

000248905

Contents // 9 // accelle // Chapter 1 // Signals and // Communication 1 // Overview 1 // Why Study Animal Communication? 1 // Do animals communicate? 1 // Diversity and principles 2 // Cues, Signals, and Signal Evolution 3 // Cues 3 // Signals 4 // Signal evolution 5 // Principles and Animal Communication 7 // Principles of Evolutionary Biology 9 // Classifying Communication Systems 10 // Classifying by preadaptation, modality, and // medium 12 // Classifying by informational focus 12 // Classification by honesty guarantees 15 // Classification by context 15 // Cross-classifications 16 // The Signaling Sequence 16 // The media of sound communication 19 // The nature of sound 20 // The characterization of sounds 22 // The propagation of sound 30 // Sound Signal Generation 33 // Producing vibrations 34 // Modification and coupling of sound signals 51 // Balancing amplification and efficiency 55 // // // Chapter 3 // Sound Signal // Propagation and // Reception 65 // eote-ties // .6 // Chapter 2 // Sound and Sound // Signal Production 19 // Overview 65 // Sound Propagation 65 // Overall attenuation 66 // Frequency pattern distortion 71 // Temporal pattern distortion 78 // Noise masking 81 // Sound Reception 83 // Coupling between medium and the receiver 84 // Modification of captured sound signals 93 // Detection and analysis of received sound signals 96 // Body Size and Sound 107 // Overview 19 // Properties of Sound 19 // viii Contents // Overview 113 // // Chapter 4 // Light and

Visual Signal // Production 113 // Properties of Light 113 // Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation 113 // How electromagnetic radiation interacts // with molecules 115 // Constraints on EMR wavelengths // for visual communication 116 // How visible light interacts with matter 118 // Light-Signal Generation 121 // Describing color 122 // Pigments 123 // Structural colors 130 // Bioluminescence 138 // Modification and Coupling 139 // Combinatorial color-production mechanisms 140 // Color patterns 143 // Changing colors 143 // Postures and movements 146 // Transparency 148 // Chapter 5 // Visual Signal // Propagation // and Reception 153 // Overview 153 // Transmission of Visual Signals 153 // Overview of transmission steps 153 // Availability and quality of ambient light 155 // Contrast with background 159 // Transmission from sender to receiver 163 // Signal detectability 164 // Coupling from the Medium to the Receptor 165 // The evolution of light-collecting strategies 165 // Transparent lenses 168 // Focusing the light 169 // Controlling the amount of entering light 169 // Reception of Visual Signals 170 // The visual pigment 170 // Photoreceptor cells 173 // The retina 174 // Resolution and sensitivity 177 // Field of view 181 // Visual Processing 182 // Color vision 182 // Feature detectors 187 // Depth perception 187 // 2 // AY // ele // wo // // Chapter 6 // Chemical Signals 193 // Overview 193 // General Features of Chemical // Communication 193 // Contrasts between

chemical, auditory, // and visual signals 194 // Forms of chemical communication 194 // Identifying chemical signals: // Function before structure 194 // Production of Chemical Signals 195 // Types of chemicals used for intraspecific // communication 195 // Production mechanisms 196 // Dissemination methods 208 // Transmission of Chemical Signals 214 // Diffusion 214 // Transmission by current flow 217 // Other environmental effects on chemical // signal transmission 220 // Chemoreception 221 // Coupling from the medium to the receptor 221 // Chemosensory reception 224 // Finding the source 228 // Overview 235 // Chapter 7 // Short Range // Modalities 235 // Touch 235 // Touch signal generation and propagation 235 // Touch signal reception 240 // Contents ix // Hydrodynamic Reception 249 // Hydrodynamic stimulus generation and // propagation 250 // Hydrodynamic stimulus reception 252 // Electroreception 257 // properties of electrical stimuli 257 // Passive electroreception 260 // Active electroreception 265 // Overview 279 // Chapter 8 // Decisions, Signals, and // Information 279 // Animal Decisions 279 // Acquiring Information 281 // Probability meters 281 // Prior probabilities 281 // Red lines and optimal decisions 281 // Gaining additional information 282 // Conditional probabilities and signal coding 283 // Updating 284 // Dynamic Decision Making 285 // Biased Decision Making 286 // Types of biases 286 // Explanations for biases: // Curvilinear utility functions 289

Explanations for biases: Weber s law 290 // Explanations for biases: Other considerations 291 // Coding Strategies 293 // Signal set design 293 // Mapping schemes 311 // Measures of coding effectiveness 313 // So, what is information? 321 // Merging two disciplines 325 // Individual versus evolutionary economics 326 // Evolutionary Models with Minimal Genetics 329 // Simple optimality models 329 // Evolutionary game theoretic models 329 // Adaptive dynamics models 330 // Genetic Complications 331 // Genetic concepts 331 // Evolutionary Models with Added Genetics 336 // Quantitative genetics 336 // Extended quantitative genetics 338 // Extended adaptive dynamics 338 // The Price equation 340 // Comparing evolutionary modeling techniques 341 // Evolutionary Currencies 342 // Measures of relative individual fitness 342 // Measures of relative inclusive fitness 344 // Optimal Live History Economics 350 // Trade-offs and optimization in evolutionary // economics 350 // Life history trade-offs 350 // Optimal Signaling Economics 352 // Signals and physiological reserves 353 // Signals and physical integrity 359 // Signals and brains 363 // The Value of Information 368 // Overview 375 // // Chapter 10 // Signal Evolution // 375 // Ri... is // Eh // Chapter 9 // The Economics of // Communication 325 // Overview 325 // Biological Economics 325 // The Evolution of Behavior 375 // Models of Signal Evolution 377 // Signals derived from sender precursors 377 // Signals derived from receiver

precursors 391 // The Evolution of Reliable Signals 397 // Conflicts of interest and the problem of honesty 397 // Evolutionary game theory 398 // Classification of signals based on type of cost 400 // Causes of unreliable signaling 414 // x Contents // Chapter 11 // Conflict // Resolution 421 // Overview 421 // The Process of Resolving Conflicts 421 // Contest stages and information acquisition 422 // Assessing one’s own fighting ability 423 // Types of resources and their value 424 // Fighting Strategies 425 // Assumptions and predictions of fighting strategy // models 425 // Evidence supporting the alternative models 428 // Role of resource value and other asymmetries 433 // Agonistic Signal Repertoires 436 // Two examples of agonistic signal repertoires 436 // The need for honesty guarantees 437 // Fighting Ability Signals 438 // Body size indicators 439 // Stamina indicators 441 // Weapons 445 // Aggressive Motivation Signals 449 // Challenge signals 449 // General aggressive motivation signals 450 // Offensive threat signals 451 // Dominance Signals 453 // Status indicators 454 // Territory ownership signals 457 // Victory signals 461 // De-escalation Signals 462 // Condition and health 480 // Genetic compatibility 492 // Age indicators 494 // Parental ability and other direct benefits 496 // Dominance 497 // Courtship 500 // General principles of courtship intensity and // character 500 // Courtship signals 503 // Sex role reversal 510 // • Bay’s 295 // Overview

467 // // // Chapter 12 // Mate Attraction and // Courtship 467 // Chapter 13 // Social // Integration 515 // Overview 515 // Evolution of Cooperation 515 // General Principles of Recognition 517 // The process of recognition 517 // Recognition mechanisms 517 // Evolution of identity signals 520 // Male-Female Integration 522 // Mate recognition 522 // Pair cooperation 528 // Parent-Offspring Integration 533 // Offspring and parent recognition 533 // Parent-offspring conflict 537 // Within-family signaling interactions 538 // Group Integration 544 // Group recognition 544 // Appeasement signals 546 // Group movement coordination and decision // making 552 // Cooperative breeding 557 // Male and Female Reproductive Strategies 467 // Sexual Selection 470 // Intersexual selection models 471 // Evidence for alternative sexual selection models 476 // Sexually Selected Traits and Signaling 480 // Chapter 14 // Environmental // Signals 561 // Overview 561 // The Diversity of Environmental Signals 561 // Predator Deterrent Signals 562 // Contents xi // Detection and camouflage 562 // Notifying predators about prey suitability 564 // Last-ditch prey signals to predators 573 // Alarm Signals 574 // Surveillance signals 575 // Mobbing signals 581 // Victim signals 582 // Other economic considerations 585 // Food Signals 589 // Basic economics 589 // Amount of information 591 // Chapter 16 // The Broader View: // Microbes, Plants, and // Humans 651 // Autocommunication 598 // Bat echolocation

599 // Cetacean echolocation 604 // Overview 611 // Chapter 15 // Communication // Networks 611 // The Utility of Network Analysis 611 // Characterizing Networks 612 // Basic designs 612 // Network measures 614 // Network Structure and Behavior 618 // Structural types of networks 618 // Effect propagation in networks 620 // Modeling Evolution in Networks 625 // Evolutionary graph theory 625 // Social evolution on graphs 626 // Animal Communication Networks 630 // Linkage patterns 630 // Synchrony 637 // Other self-organized patterns 645 // Overview 651 // Microbial Communication 651 // Mate choice 652 // Cooperation and conflict 654 // Plant Communication 660 // Overview of plant function, sensory systems, // and behavior 660 // Competitive plant interactions 665 // Sexual selection in plants 667 // Defensive alarm signals 670 // Attraction of animal mutualists 673 // Human Communication 679 // Human evolutionary history 679 // Emotional expression 681 // Dominance, power, and influence 685 // Honesty and deceit 687 // Sexual selection, mate attraction, // and courtship 689 // Credits C-1 // Index I-1