.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

2nd ed.

New York : Garland Science, c2014

xviii, 670 s. : il ; 28 cm

ISBN 978-0-8153-4148-2 (brož.)

Obsahuje slovníček

Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

000248935

Short Contents // Chapter 1 An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Genetics 1 // 1.1 What Is Human Evolutionary Genetics? 1 // 1.2 Insights Into Phenotypes and Diseases 2 // 1.3 Complementary Records of The Human Past 6 // 1.4 What Can We Know Aboutthe Past? 11 // 1.5 The Ethics of Studying Human Populations 12 // Chapter 2 Organization and Inheritance Ofthe Human Genome 17 // 2.1 The Big Picture: An Overview of The Human Genome 17 // 2.2 Structure of DNA 20 // 2.3 Genes, Transcription, and Translation 22 // 2.4 Noncoding DNA 26 // 2.5 Human Chromosomes and The Human // 2.6 Mitosis, Meiosis, and The Inheritance of The Genome 31 // 2.7 Recombination—The Great Reshuffler 34 // 2.8 Nonrecombining Segments of The Genome 36 // Chapter 3 Human Genome Variation 43 // 3.1 Genetic Variation and The Phenotype 43 // 3.2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Snps) In The Nuclear Genome 47 // 3.3 Sequence Variation In Mitochondrial DNA 62 // 3.4 Variation In Tandemly Repeated DNA Sequences 65 // 3.5 Transposable Element Insertions 73 // 3.6 Structural Variation In The Genome 75 // 3.7 The Effects of Age and Sex On Mutation Rate 78 // 3.8 The Effects of Recombination On Genome Variation 81 // Chapter 4 Finding and Assaying Genome Diversity 95 // 4.1 First, Find Your DNA 96 // 4.2 The Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) 98 // 4.3 Sangersequencing,The Human Reference Sequence, and Snp Discovery 100 // 4.4 A Quantum Leap In Variation Studies: Next-Generation Sequencing 101 // 4.5 Snptyping: Low-, Medium-, and High-Throughput Methods For Assaying Variation 108 // 4.6 Databases of Sequence Variation 112 // 4.7 Discovering and Assaying Variation At Microsatellites 112 // 4.8 Discovering and Assaying Structural Variation On Different Scales 114 // 4.9 Phasing: from Genotypes to Hapl0types 119 // 4.10 Studying Genetic Variation In Ancient Samples 123 //

Chapter 5 Processes Shaping Diversity 133 // 5.1 Basic Concepts In Population Genetics 133 // 5.2 Generating Diversity by Mutation and Recombination 136 // 5.3 Eliminating Diversity by Genetic Drift 141 // 5.4 The Effect of Selection On Diversity 149 // 5.5 Migration 154 // 5.6 Interplay Among The Different Forces of Evolution 156 // 5.7 The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution 160 // Chapter 6 Making Inferences from Diversity 167 // 6.1 What Data Can We Use? 167 // 6.2 Summarizing Genetic Variation 168 // 6.3 Measuring Genetic Distance 173 // 6.4 Phylogenetics // 6.5 Coalescent Approaches to Reconstructing Population History // 6.6 Dating Evolutionary Events Using Genetic Data // 6.7 Has Selection Been Acting? // 6.8 Analyzing Genetic Data In A Geographical // Chapter 7 Humans As Apes 225 // 7.1 Evidence from Morphology 226 // 7.2 Evidence from Chromosomes 232 // 7.3 Evidence from Molecules 236 // 7.4 Genetic Diversity Among The Great Apes 242 // Chapter 8 What Genetic Changes Have Made Us Human? 257 // 8.1 Morphological and Behavioral Changes En Route to Homo Sapiens 258 // 8.2 Genetic Uniqueness of Humans and Hominins 265 // 8.3 Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Differences Between Apes and Humans 273 // Chapter 9 Origins of Modern Humans 283 // 9.1 Evidence from Fossils and Morphology 284 // 9.2 Evidence from Archaeology and Linguistics 295 // 9.3 Hypotheses to Explain The Origin of Modern Humans 300 // 9.4 Evidence from The Genetics of Present-Day Populations 301 // 9.5 Evidence from Ancient DNA 307 // Chapter 10 The Distribution of Diversity 319 // 10.1 Studying Human Diversity 319 // 10.2 Apportionment of Human Diversity 328 // 10.3 The Influence of Selection On The Apportionment of Diversity 333 // Chapter 11 The Colonization of The Old World and Australia 341 // 11.1 A Colder and More Variable Environment 15-100 Kya 341 //

11.2 Fossil and Archaeological Evidence For Two Expansions of Anatomically Modern Humans Out of Africa In The Last -130 Ky 344 // 11.3 A Single Major Migration Out of Africa // 11.4 Early Population Divergence Between Australians and Eurasians 357 // Chapter 12 Agricultural Expansions 363 // 12.1 Defining Agriculture 363 // 12.2 The Where, When, and Why of Agriculture 365 // 12.3 Outcomes of Agriculture 369 // 12.4 The Farming-Language Co-Dispersal Hypothesis 372 // 12.5 Out of The Near East Into Europe 374 // 12.6 Out of Tropical West Africa Into Sub-Equatorial Africa 388 // 12.7 Genetic Analysis of Domesticated Animals and Plants 394 // Chapter 13 Into New Found Lands 409 // 13.1 Settlement of The New Territories 409 // 13.2 Peopling of The Americas 412 // 13.3 Peopling of The Pacific 425 // Chapter 14 What Happens When Populations Meet 443 // 14.1 What Is Genetic Admixture? 443 // 14.2 The Impact of Admixture 447 // 14.3 Detecting Admixture 450 // 14.4 Local Admixture and Linkage Disequilibrium 460 // 14.5 Sex-Biased Admixture 464 // 14.6 Transnational Isolates 467 // Chapter 15 Understanding The Past, Present, and Future of Phenotypic Variation 477 // 15.1 Normal and Pathogenic Variation In An Evolutionary Context 477 // 15.2 Known Variation In Human Phenotypes 478 // 15.3 Skin Pigmentation As An Adaptation to Ultraviolet Light // 15.4 Life At High Altitude and Adaptation to Hypoxia // 15.5 Variation In The Sense of Taste // 15.6 Adapting to A Changing Diet by Digesting Milk and Starch // 15.7 The Future of Human Evolution // Chapter 16 Evolutionary Insights Into Simple Genetic Diseases 517 // 16.1 Genetic Disease and Mutation - Selection Balance 520 // 16.2 Genetic Drift, Founder Effects, and Consanguinity 523 // 16.3 Evolutionary Causes of Genomic Disorders 526 // 16.4 Genetic Diseases and Selection by Malaria 529 //

Chapter 17 Evolution and Complex Diseases 541 // 17.1 Defining Complex Disease 541 // 17.2 The Global Distribution of Complex Diseases 546 // 17.3 Identifying Alleles Involved In Complex Disease 549 // 17.4 What Complex Disease Alleles Do We Expect to Find In The Population? 557 // 17.5 Genetic Influence On Variable Response to Drugs 563 // Chapter 18 Identity and Identification 571 // 18.1 Individual Identification 572 // 18.2 What DNA Can Tell Us About John Or Jane Doe 580 // 18.3 Deducing Family and Genealogical Relationships 585 // 18.4 The Personal Genomics Revolution 593 // Glossary Index // Appendix // Haplogr0up Nomenclature The Mitochondrial Genome