.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

4th ed.

London : Spon Press, 2011

xiv, 543 s. : il., mapy ; 25 cm

ISBN 978-0-415-37042-4 (brož.)

ISBN 978-0-415-37041-7 (váz.)

Obsahuje bibliografie, bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

000249058

Preface Xlll // 1 The hydrological cycle and hydrometeorology 1 // 1.1 The hydrological cycle and water pathways 1 // 1.2 Pathways generating river flow 2 // 1.3 Hydrometeorological control of hydrological pathways 6 // 1.4 Evaporation 15 // 1.5 Precipitation 16 // 1.6 Weather patterns producing precipitation 19 // 1.7 Climate 25 Note 29 References 29 // 2.1 Gauging networks 30 // 2.2 Design considerations 31 // 2.3 Precipitation networks 32 // 2.4 Evaporation networks 33 // 2.5 Overland flow networks 34 // 2.6 Subsurface water networks 34 // 2.7 River gauging networks 34 Note 35 // References 36 // 3 Precipitation 37 // 3.1 Non-recording (storage) rain gauges 38 // 3.2 Recording rain gauges 40 // PART I // HYDROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS // 2 Hydrometrie networks 30 // 3.3 Siting the rain gauge 42 // 3.4 Horizontal rain and occult precipitation gauges 44 // 3.5 Snowfall gauges 44 // 3.6 Ground-based rainfall radar 45 // 3.7 Combined radar and satellite observations 45 // 3.8 Net precipitation gauges 47 Note 47 // References 47 // 4 Evaporation 49 // 4.1 Factors affecting evaporation 49 // 4.2 Measurement of open water evaporation 51 // 4.3 Measurement of evapotranspiration 56 // 4.4 Measurement of meteorological variables for evaporation estimation 57 // 4.5 Direct measurement of evapotranspiration by eddy flux instruments 62 // 4.6 Scintillometer measurements of evapotranspiration 64 // References 64 // 5 Hillslope and aquifer hydraulic parameters 65 // 5.1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity 66 // 5.2 Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve 76 // 5.3 Intrinsic permeability 77 // 5.4 Porosity 78 // 5.5 Dispersion coefficient 78 References 79 // 6 Hillslope moisture states and flows 81 // 6.1 Subsurface moisture content 81 // 6.2 Pressure potential, pressure head and hydraulic head 88 // 6.3 Moisture release curve 92 // 6.4 Subsurface flow tracing 93 // 6.5 Overland flow measurement 94 // References 98 //

7 River flow 101 // 7.1 Open channel flow 101 // 7.2 River gauging methods 104 // 7.3 Stage 106 // 7.4 Discharge by velocity-area methods 111 // 7.5 Discharge by dilution gauging 118 // 7.6 Structural methods: flumes and weirs 120 // 7.7 Stage-discharge relationship 125 // Note 132 // References 132 // 8 Water-quality measurement // 8.1 Water-quality characteristics 134 // 8.2 Water-quality standards 137 // 8.3 Water-quality sampling 141 // 8.4 Laboratory water-quality analyses 145 // 8.5 Automated field monitoring 147 // 8.6 Bank-side sample analyses (manual and automatic) 149 // 8.7 Load estimation, discharge consents and compliance 149 References 152 // PART II // HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS // 9 Precipitation analysis // 9.1 Precipitation extremes 155 // 9.2 Spatial variation in precipitation 165 // 9.3 Missing data 173 // 9.4 Areal reduction factors and depth-area-duration analysis 174 // 9.5 Temporal variation in rainfalls 176 // 9.6 Rainfall frequency analysis 180 // 9.7 Droughts 187 // 9.8 Stochastic rainfall models 189 // 9.9 Other forms of precipitation 191 Notes 191 // References 191 // 10 Energy budget analysis, evapotranspiration and snowmelt // 10.1 The energy budget and evapotranspiration 195 // 10.2 Calculation of open water evaporation Eq 199 // 10.3 Calculation of evapotranspiration, Et 207 // 10.4 Estimating wet canopy evaporation and interception losses 215 // 10.5 Estimating Et over a landscape area or catchment 215 // 10.6 Empirical formulae for Et and EP 219 // 10.7 Soil moisture deficit 221 // 10.8 Land surface parameterisations 224 // 10.9 Snow and the energy budget 225 Notes 232 // References 232 // 11 River flow analysis // 11.1 Peak discharges 23 9 // 11.2 River regimes 241 // 11.3 Mixing models for determining runoff sources 244 // 11.4 Plow-duration curves 250 // 11.5 Flood frequency 255 // 11.6 Flood probabilities 257 // 11.7 Analysis od an annual maximum series 260 //

11.8 Other statistical distributions used in flood frequency analysis 268 // 11.9 Using historical flood data 269 // 11.10 Droughts 270 // 11.11 Frequency of low flows 2 72 // 11.12 Low flows and water yield analysis 274 // 11.13 Some concluding remarks 276 Notes 278 // References 278 // 12 Catchment modelling // 12.1 The essentials of a catchment model 280 // 12.2 A simple catchment model 282 // 12.3 Estimating the proportion of rainfall equivalent to the stormflow hydrograph 283 // 12.4 Estimating the time distribution of runoff 284 // 12.5 The unit hydrograph 287 // 12.6 Conceptual catchment rainfall-runoff models 295 // 12.7 The application of rainfall-runoff models 297 // 12.8 Examples of rainfall-runoff models 299 // 12.9 Uncertainty in rainfall-runoff modelling 312 // 12.10 Real-time forecasting models 313 Notes 316 // References 317 // 13 Estimating floods and low flows in the UK // 13.1 Background to the Flood Estimation Handbook 322 // 13.2 The index flood and growth curve concepts in the Flood Estimation Handbook 323 // 13.3 Probability distributions used in the Flood Estimation Handbook 327 // 13.4 Example: Flood Estimation Handbook peak flow estimates for the river Brett, Suffolk 328 // 13.5 Design event methods in the Flood Estimation Handbook 332 // 13.6 Low-flow estimation in the UK 341 // 13.7 Some final comments on methods of regionalisation 347 Notes 347 // References 348 // 14 Flood routing 351 // 14.1 Simple non-storage routing 353 // 14.2 Storage routing 355 // 14.3 Hydraulic routing 369 // 14.4 Flood routing in practice 373 // 14.5 Pollutant transport in rivers 376 // 14.6 Some final comments 382 Notes 383 References 384 // 15 Groundwater 386 // 15.1 The importance of groundwater 386 // 15.2 Groundwater flow equations 389 // 15.3 Flow nets 392 // 15.4 Unconfined flow and groundwater recharge 396 // 15.5 Numerical groundwater models 399 // 15.6 Transport of pollutants in groundwater 404 //

15.7 Calibration of groundwater flow and transport models 410 Notes 410 // References 410 // PART III // ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS // 16 Flood risk management 412 // 16.1 Drivers for flood risk management 412 // 16.2 Flood management and land drainage responsibilities in the UK 413 // 16.3 Flood risk concepts 418 // 16.4 Flood management policy and delivery 428 // 16.5 Catchment flood management plans 430 // Notes 436 References 436 // 17 Water resources management // 17.1 Drivers for water resources management 439 // 17.2 Water resources management policy in the UK 440 // 17.3 Water resources strategies and assessment processes 446 // 17.4 Supply and demand 448 // 17.5 Water resources yield assessment 450 Notes 455 // References 456 // 18 Urban hydrology // 18.1 Hydrological regime modifications 458 // 18.2 Catchment response modifications 461 // 18.3 The Transport and Road Research Laboratory rational method 463 // 18.4 The Transport and Road Research Laboratory hydrograph method 466 // 18.5 The Wallingford procedure 469 // 18.6 Urban drainage system modelling 474 // 18.7 Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) 477 // 18.8 Urban flood risk mapping 480 // 18.9 Integrated urban drainage pilots 483 // 18.10 Industry guidance 485 // Note 487 References 487 // 19 Hydrology, climate and catchment change // 19.1 Global climate change 489 // 19.2 UK climate change impacts on river flows 492 // 19.3 Catchment change 499 // 19.4 Studies of land management change and flood flows in the UK 505 // Notes 512 References 512 // PART IV // THE FUTURE OF HYDROLOGY IN PRACTICE // 20 The future of hydrology in practice 516 // 20.1 The context of hydrology in practice 516 // 20.2 The complexities of hydrology 519 // 20.3 The uncertainties in hydrology 521 // 20.4 The future data requirements of hydrology 522 // 20.5 The future modelling requirements of hydrology 526 Notes 528 // References 529 // Appendis: useful tables 531 // Index 535