Introduction 9 // I. Origins: the church fathers 14 // 1. Sources 14 // 2. Augustine of Hippo 16 // 3. Before Augustine 22 // 4. Between Augustine and Gregory 30 // 5. Gregory the Great 32 // II. Consolidation: the early middle ages 41 // 1. Eph 1:10 41 // 2. Luke 15:8-10 42 // 3. Luke 2:14 43 // 4. Mark 16:1-7 44 // 5. Rev 11:13 44 // 6. The Missal 44 // 7. Canon law 46 // 8. The tithe . 46 // 9. The number of the saved 46 // 10. Other references 51 // III. Crisis: the eleventh and twelfth centuries 52 // 1. Anselm of Canterbury 53 // 2. The school of Laon 59 // 3. Rupert of Deutz 73 // 4. Honorius of Autun 83 // rv. Decline: the twelfth and thirteenth centuries 112 // 1. Authors from the monastic tradition 112 // 2. Hugh of St. Victor 116 // 3. Summa sententiarum 121 // 4. Alcher of Clairvaux 123 // 5. Peter Lombard 124 // 6. The influence of Lombard’s Sententiae 127 // 7. Albert the Great 129 // 8. Bonavcnturc of Bagnoregio 130 // 9. Tbomas Aquinas 133 // Conclusion 137 // Resume 149 // Bibliography 151 // i. Abbreviations 151 // 2. Electronic sources 151 // 3. Primary sources 152 // 4. Secondary literature 167 // Index of proper names 179