General Introduction to the Volumes ix // Introduction to the Literature Review Volume xiii // Orientations 1 // Why Review the Literature? 1 // Types and Characteristics of Literature Reviews 2 // Check Your Literature Review Knowledge 5 // Scholars before Researchers 8 // Typical Advisor Critiques of Literature Reviews 9 // How Can Order Be Imposed on the Literature? 12 // Choosing Areas to Include in the Review 21 // Getting Started on the Literature Review 23 // Describing the Selection Criteria for Literature in the Review 25 // Metadiscourse 38 // Citation Patterns 43 // Integral and Non-Integral Citations 45 // Citation Verb Tense and Aspect 47 // Reporting Verbs 54 // Ambiguity in Citations 56 // Drafting, Redrafting, and Redrafting Again 60 // Taking a Stance toward the Literature 71 // Constructing an Original Discussion of Previous Work: // Using Your Own Words 77 // Some Strategies for Paraphrasing 82 // Careful Use of Synonyms 85 // Summarizing 86 // Criteria for Evaluating Literature Reviews 93 // Some Final Thoughts to Consider 95 // References 97