Contents // Acknowledgements...vii // Foreword by Bernard Spolsky...ix // 1 Introduction ...1 // 2 Semiotic Background and Terminology...4 // 2.1 Signs...4 // 2.2 Language on Signs...8 // 2.3 The Linguistic Landscape...9 // 3 Previous Approaches to the Linguistic Landscape: // An Overview...12 // 3.1 Brussels: A Coiffeur but no Kapper...12 // 3.2 Montreal: Controversy Around the Paysage // Linguistique...16 // 3.3 Jerusalem: Signs of Power, Signs of Solidarity...22 // 3.4 Ljouwert and Donostia: Two other Linguistic // Landscapes of Europe...28 // 3.5 Paris and Dakar: The Walls Speak...31 // 3.6 Lira Town: Multilingual Signs and How to Read Them ..33 // 3.7 Hong Kong, Beijing, Vienna, Paris, Washington: // Semiotic Aggregates...36 // 3.8 Rome: Approaches to the Panorama Linguistico...39 // 3.9 Bangkok: Signs of Overt and Covert Language Policies... 44 // 3.10 Tokyo: Reading Through the Gengo Keikan...47 // 4 Summary...54 // 4.1 General Observations...54 // 4.2 Linguistic Landscaping By Whom?...57 // 4.3 Linguistic Landscaping For Whom?...58 // 4.4 Linguistic Landscape Quo Vadis?...59 // 4.5 Methodological Issues...60 // V // vi // Contents // 5 Case Study: Signs of Multilingualism in Tokyo...64 // 5.1 Methodology and Basic Results...65 // 5.2 Languages Contained...70 // 5.3 Combinations...73 // 5.4 Top-down vs. Bottom-up...80 // 5.5 Geographic Distribution...84 // 5.6 Part Writing...90 // 5.7 Code Preference...103 // 5.8 Visibility...110 // 5.9 Idiosyncrasies...116 // 5.10 Layering...130
// 6. Conclusions...141 // 6.1 Linguistic Landscaping By Whom?...141 // 6.2 Linguistic Landscaping For Whom?...143 // 6.3 Linguistic Landscape Quo Vadis?...144 // 6.4 Back to the Start...145 // Appendix: The 28 Survey Areas...147 // References...149 // Index ...156