Contents // Preface and Acknowledgments vii // Contributors ix // 1 Introduction 1 // Kenneth !. Rothman, Sander Greenland, and Timothy L. Lash // SECTION I // Basic Concepts // 2 Causation and Causal Inference 5 // Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, Charles Poole, and Timothy L Lash // 3 Measures of Occurrence 32 // Sander Greenland and Kenneth ! Rothman // 4 Measures of Effect and Measures of Association 51 // Sander Greenland, Kenneth J. Rothman, and Timothy /.. Lash // 5 Concepts of Interaction 71 // Sander Greenland, Timothy L. Lash, and Kenneth J. Rothman // SECTION II // Study Design and Conduct // 6 Types of Epidemiologic Studies Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, and Timothy L Lash 87 // 7 Cohort Studies Kenneth J. Rothman and Sander Greenland 100 // 8 Case-Control Studies Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, and Timothy L. Lash 111 // 9 Validity in Epidemiologic Studies Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, and Timothy L. Lash 128 // 10 Precision and Statistics in Epidemiologic Studies Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, and Timothy L. Lash 148 // 11 Design Strategies to Improve Study Accuracy Kenneth ). Rothman, Sander Greenland, and Timothy L. Lash 168 // 12 Causal Diagrams M. Maria Glymour and Sander Greenland 183 iii // iv Contents // SECTION ill Data Analysis // 13 Fundamentals of Epidemiologic Data Analysis Sander Greenland and Kenneth J. Rothman 213 // 14 Introduction to Categorical Statistics Sander Greenland and Kenneth J. Rothman 238 // 15 Introduction
to Stratified Analysis Sander Greenland and Kenneth J. Rothman 258 // 16 Applications of Stratified Analysis Methods Sander Greenland 283 // 17 Analysis of Polytomous Exposures and Outcomes Sander Greenland 303 // 18 Introduction to Bayesian Statistics Sander Greenland 328 // 19 Bias Analysis Sander Greenland and Timothy L. Lash 345 // 20 Introduction to Regression Models Sander Greenland 381 // 21 Introduction to Regression Modeling Sander Greenland 418 // SECTION IV // Special Topics // 22 Surveillance James W. Bueliler 459 // 23 Using Secondary Data Jam Olsen 481 // 24 Field Methods in Epidemiology Patricia Hartge and Jack Cahill 492 // 25 Ecologic Studies Hal Morgenstern 511 // 26 Social Epidemiology Jay S. Kaufman 532 // 27 Infectious Disease Epidemiology C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr., and Barbara C. Mahon 549 // 28 Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Muin J. Khoury, Robert Millikan, and Marta Gwinn 564 // 29 Nutritional Epidemiology Walter C. Willett 580 // 30 Environmental Epidemiology Irva Hertz-Picciolto 598 // 31 Methodologie Issues in Reproductive Epidemiology Clarice R. Weinberg and Allen J. Wilcox 620 // Contents v // 132 Clinical Epidemiology 641 // NoelS. Weiss // 33 Meta-Analysis 652 // Sander Greenland and Keith O’Rourke // References 683 // Index 733