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EB

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer, 2017

1 online zdroj

ISBN 978-3-319-58048-7 (e-kniha)

ISBN 978-3-319-58047-0 (print)

Soil Forensics, ISSN 2214-4293

After the publication of the first Italian book on Forensic Geoscience: “Geologia Forense” (Di Maggio, Barone, et al. 2013, Flaccovio Ed.), the international demand to have an International version (in English language) about the new applications of this topic carried out in Italy and the possibility to apply them in international contexts encouraged us to create a new English book based on this. If forensic science is the application of technical and scientific methodologies applied to traditional categories of judicial investigations, in connection with the investigation of a crime or a social behavior, within them a special role is held by forensic geoscience, or the application of different disciplines of Earth Sciences in judicial contexts. Forensic geoscience encompasses some branches of the earth sciences such as geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, geophysics, remote sensing, soil science and archaeology, whose applications may provide a suitable or appropriate environmental interpretation of the surroundings, in the context of numerous types of offences, both criminal and civil. The environmental context can become part of the crime narrative in diverse situations: it can be the place where to hide a body or precious objects, or it may be a witness to a crime. Given the nature of many crime narratives carried out in outdoor areas, the environment, as it is not a closed system, plays a dual role, passive and active. Passive in the sense that it may be the principal repository of clues and evidence that both the victim and/or offender may have been present in a given location.- (...).

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Preface -- Chapter 1 – Introduction to forensic geoscience -- 1.1 The Applications of forensic geoscience -- 1.2 Crime Scene Investigations -- 1.3 The geo-scientific approach to crime scene -- Chapter 2 - Geological materials on the crime scene -- 2.1 Minerals -- 2.2 Rocks -- 2.3 Sands -- 2.4 Dusts -- 2.5 Soils -- 2.6 Gems -- 2.7 Precious metals -- 2.8 Fossils -- Chapter 3 - Pedology applied to forensics -- 3.1 Characteristics of forensic soils -- 3.2 Interdisciplinary in studies and forensic soil science analysis -- 3.3 The site survey in forensic soil science applications -- 3.4 The collection of evidence and preservation of traces of soil samples -- 3.5 The effects of wrong methods and operations during site surveys and evidence collection -- 3.6 Issues related to traces of soil -- Chapter 4 - Forensic Analysis of Soils and Geological Materials -- 4.1 Forensic laboratory analytical procedures for soils -- 4.2 Color analysis -- 4.3 The particle size analysis -- 4.4 Density analysis -- 4.5 Stereoscopic microscope analysis -- 4.6 Analysis by means of the polarizing microscope -- 4.7 X-ray diffraction analysis -- 4.8 SEM-EDX spectroscopy -- 4.9 Raman Spectroscopy -- 4.10 FT-IR spectroscopy -- 4.11 Thermal analysis -- Chapter 5 - Remote sensing applications in forensic investigations -- 5.1 Photointerpretation -- 5.3 Forensic photo-interpretation -- Appendix - A brief history of aerial photography in Italy -- Chapter 6 - Forensic Geomorphology -- 6.1. Overview -- 6.2. Principles and concepts of geomorphology -- 6.4. Determining the activity state of landforms -- 6.5. The detection of surface deposits -- Chapter 7 - Environmental Forensics -- 7.1 Inspections and historical research -- 7.2 Aerial photos and satellite footage -- 7.3 GPS surveys and DTM -- 7.4 Operating modes of sample collection -- 7.5 Packaging and transport -- 7.6 Worksite operating issues --

7.7. Forensic environmental expert’s activities -- Chapter 8 - Forensic Geophysics -- 8.1 Forensic geophysics -- 8.2 Pros and Cons of forensic geophysics -- 8.3 Cadaver dogs -- 8.4 Survey criticalities -- Appendix - How does GPR work -- Chapter 9 - Forensic Archaeology -- 9.1 Forensic archeology -- 9.2 Stratigraphic excavations at the crime scene -- 9.3 Forensic Archaeology and the integrated approach -- 9.4 Survey criticalities -- Chapter 10 - Quality, Expertise, and Ethics in Forensic Geoscience.