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EB

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer, 2017

1 online zdroj

ISBN 978-3-319-56777-8 (e-kniha)

ISBN 978-3-319-56776-1 (print)

Printed edition: ISBN 9783319567761

This book provides researchers and advanced students associated with plant and pharmaceutical sciences with comprehensive information on medicinal trees, including their identification, morphological characteristics, traditional and economic uses, along with the latest research on their medicinal compounds. The text covers the ecological distribution of over 150 trees, which are characterized mainly on the basis of their unique properties and phytochemicals of medicinal importance (i.e., anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, and possible anti-HIV compounds). Due to the incredibly large diversity of medicinal trees, it is not possible to cover all within one publication, so trees with unique medicinal properties that are relatively more common in many countries are discussed here in order to make it most informative for a global audience. With over 100 illustrations taken at different stages of plant development, this reference work serves as a tool for tree identification and provides morphological explanations. It includes the latest botanical research, including biochemical advancements in phytochemistry techniques such as chromatographic and spectrometric techniques. In addition, the end of each chapter presents the most up-to-date references for further sources of exploration..

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1 An Introduction to Medicinally Important Trees 1 // 1.1 Introduction 1 // 1.2 Phytochemicals of Medicinal Importance of Woody Plants 2 // 1.3 Solvents and Techniques for Extraction and Isolation // of Medicinal Compounds 4 // 1.4 Important Medicinal Activities of Woody Plants 4 // 1.4.1 Antidiabetic Activity of Important Trees 5 // 1.4.2 Trees with Anticancer Activity 5 // 1.4.3 An Account of Antimicrobial Activity of Important // Woody Plants 8 // 1.4.4 Antiviral and Possible Anti-HIV Activity of Important // Woody Plants 9 // 1.4.5 Cardioprotective and Hepatoprotective Activities 12 // 1.4.6 Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities 13 // 1.4.7 Trees with Aphrodisiac and Antifertile Activities 14 // 1.4.8 Medicinal Properties of Important Leguminous Trees 17 // 1.4.9 Medicinally Important Figs, Nuts, and Edible Fruits 18 // 2 Important Trees with Antidiabetic Activities 21 // 2.1 Introduction 21 // 2.2 Important Trees with Antidiabetic Activities 22 // 2.3 Achras sapota L. (Syn: Manilkara zapota) 23 // 2.4 Bombax ceiba L 24 // 2.5 Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn 27 // 2.6 Casuarina equisitifolia L 28 // 2.7 Conocarpus lancifolius Eng 29 // 2.8 Eriobotrya japonica Lindi 32 // 2.9 Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd 34 // 2?0 Jasminum sambac L 34 // 2.11 Kigelia pinnata Jacq. (Syn: Bignonia africana) 36 // 2.12 Lagerstroemia indica rosea 38 // 2.13 Hibiscus rosa sinensis L 41 // 2.14 Morus alba h 42 // 2.15 Murraya koenigii L 44 // 2.16 Opuntia ficus-indica L 45 // References 48 // 3 Trees with Anticancer Activities 55 // 3.1 Introduction 55 // 3.2 Important Trees with Anticancer Activities 58 // 3.3 Bauhinia variegata L 58 // 3.4 Callistemon citrinus L 60 // 3.5 Carica papaya L 62 // 3.6 Cycas revoluta Thunb 65 // 3.7 Dillenia indica L 66 // 3.8 Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don 67 // 3.9 Jasminum officinale L 69 // ??? Magnolia grandiflora L 70 // 3.11 Plumeria obtusa L 72 //

3.12 Plumeria rubra L 74 // 3.13 Sapium sebiferum L. (syn: Triadica sebifera) 75 // ??4 Schleichern oleosa Lour 77 // 3.15 Thuja occidentalis L 78 // References 80 // 4 Trees with Antimicrobial Activities 85 // 4.1 Introduction 85 // 4.2 An Account of Woody Plants with Antimicrobial Activities 87 // 4.3 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 87 // 4.4 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd 89 // 4.5 Cedrus deodera Roxb. (Syn Pinus deodara Roxb. ex D. Don) 91 // 4.6 Chukrasia velutina Roxb. (Syn: Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss) 92 // 4.7 Madhuca longifolia L 93 // 4.8 Melia azerdarach L 95 // 4.9 Podocarpus macrophyllus Thunb 98 // 4.10 Polyalthia longifolia Sonn 99 // 4.11 Toona ciliata M. Roem (Syn: Cedrela toona) 100 // 4.12 Tecoma stans L Juss. Ex Kunth Syn (Bigonia Stans) 102 // 4.13 Terminalia mantalyL 104 // References 105 // 5 Woody Plants with Possible Anti-HIV Activity 109 // 5.1 Introduction 109 // 5.2 Anti-HIV Compounds 110 // 5.3 Trees with Possible Anti-HIV Potential 110 // 5.4 Artocarpus integrifolia L. (Syn: Artocarpus // heterophyllus Lam.) 111 // 5.5 Aegie marmelos L 113 // 5.6 Caesalpaeina pulcherrima L 114 // 5.7 Gleditsia triacanthos Linn 115 // 5.8 Euphorbia royleana Boiss 117 // 5.9 Jatropha curcasL 119 // 5.10 Heterophragma adenophyllum Seem 120 // 5.11 Mimusops elengiL 122 // 5.12 Platanus orientalis L 123 // 5.13 Syzygium cumini L * 124 // 5.14 Tamarix aphylla L 126 // References 127 // 6 Trees with Hepatoprotective and Cardioprotective Activities 133 // 6.1 Introduction 133 // 6.2 An Account of Some Trees with Hepatoprotective // and Cardioactive Activities 134 // 6.3 Alstonia scholaris L. R. Br (Syn: Echites scholaris) 134 // 6.4 Anogeissus acuminata (Roxb. ex DC.) 137 // 6.5 Crataeva religiosa Ąovsti 138 // 6.6 Carissa carandas L 139 // 6.7 Cupresscs sempervirens L 143 // 6.8 Diospyros Spp 144 // 6.8.1 Diospyros cordifolia Roxb 147 //

6.9 Nerium oleander L 147 // 6.10 Terminalia arjuna Roxb 149 // 6.11 Thevetia peruviana Pers. (Syn: Cascabela thevetia) 152 // References 154 // 7 Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Some Economically // Important Woody Plants 159 // 7.1 Introduction 159 // 7.2 An Account of Important Trees 159 // 7.3 Brachy chiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R. Br 161 // 7.4 Ceiba speciosa A. St.-Hill (Syn: Chorisia speciosa) 162 // 7.5 Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. (Syn: Corymbia citriodora) 166 // 7.6 Murraya exotica L. (Syn: Murraya paniculata) 168 // 7.7 Pinus roxbrghii Sarg 169 // 7.8 Pterospermum acerifoliumL 172 // 7.9 Putranjiva roxburghiiW&W 174 // 7.10 Salix babylonica L. (Syn. Salix japonica Thunb.) 175 // 7.11 Salix tetrasperma Roxb 177 // 7.12 Tectona grandis L 178 // 7.13 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam 180 // References 182 // 8 Aphrodisiac and Abortifacient Activities of Important Trees 187 // 8.1 Introduction 187 // 8.2 An Account of Aphrodisiac and Abortifacient Activities // of Economically Important Woody Plants 189 // 8.3 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth 189 // 8.4 Broussonetia papyrifera L. (Syn: Morus papyrifera) 192 // 8.5 Biitea monosperma Lam. (Syn ?. frondosa Koenig Ex Roxb.) 193 // 8.6 Dombeya rotundifolia Hocsht 195 // 8.7 Lontana camara L 196 // 8.8 Myrtus communis L 200 // 8.9 Ricinus communis L 201 // 8.10 Saraca indica L. (Syn: Saraca asoca Roxb., De. Wild) 204 // References 205 // 9 Leguminous Trees and Their Medicinal Properties 211 // 9.1 Introduction 211 // 9.2 An Account of Medicinally Important Leguminous Trees 213 // 9.3 Acacia catechu L. (Syn: Senegalia catechu) 214 // 9.4 Acacia modesta Wall. (Syn: Senegalia modesta) 214 // 9.5 Albizia procera Roxb 216 // 9.6 Cassia fistula L 218 // 9.7 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb 218 // 9.8 Delonix regia Raf 221 // 9.9 Erythrina suberosa Roxb 221 //

9.10 Millenia ovalifolia (Syn: M. peguensis) 224 // 9.11 Parkinsonia aculeata L 225 // 9.12 Prosopis juliflora Swan 227 // 9.13 ? spicigera L. (Syn: P cineraria) 227 // References 230 // 10 Figs and Their Medicinal Value 235 // 10.1 Introduction 235 // 10.2 Summary of Trees That Produce Medicinally // Important Figs 235 // 10.3 Ficus benghalensis L 236 // 10.4 F. benjamína L 237 // 10.5 F carica L 239 // 10.6 F elastica (Roxb.) 241 // 10.7 F glomerata Roxb. (Syn: F racemose L.) 241 // 10.8 F infectoria Miq. (Syn: F virens) 242 // 10.9 F. lyrata Warb. (Syn: F. sycomorus) 245 // 10.10 F. macrophylla L 245 // 10.11 F. religiosa L 247 // 10.12 F retusa L. (Syn F microcarpa) 249 // References 251 // 11 Nuts and Their Nutritive and Medicinal Value 255 // 11.1 Introduction 255 // 11.2 An Account of Medicinal Properties of Some Nuts 255 // 11.3 Anacardium occidentale L 256 // 11.4 Juglans regia L 258 // 11.5 Pistacia vera L 259 // 11.6 Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch 260 // References 263 // 12 Medicinally Important Edible Fruits 267 // 12.1 Introduction 267 // 12.2 Medicinal Properties of Important Fruits 267 // 12.3 Citrus x sinensis L 270 // 12.4 Citrus x limon L 272 // 12.5 Malus domestica L 276 // 12.6 Mangifera indica h 279 // 12.7 Prunus persica L.bdisch 280 // 12.8 Psidium guajavaL 283 // 12.9 P unica granatum L 286 // 12.10 Phoenix dactyliferaL 289 // References 291 // Index

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