.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer, 2017

1 online zdroj

ISBN 978-3-319-44860-2 (e-kniha)

ISBN 978-3-319-44858-9 (print)

Internet of Things (IoT) Overview -- The Internet in IoT—OSI, TCP/IP, IPv4, IPv6 and Internet Routing -- The Things in IoT: Sensors and Actuators -- IoT Requirements for Networking Protocols -- IoT Protocol Stack: A Layered View -- Fog Computing -- IoT Services Platform: Functions and Requirements -- Internet of Things Security and Privacy -- IoT Vertical Markets and Connected Ecosystems -- Industry Organizations and Standards Landscape -- The Role of Open Source in IoT.

This book comprehensively describes an end-to-end Internet of Things (IoT) architecture that is comprised of devices, network, compute, storage, platform, and applications along with management and security components. It is organized into five main parts, comprising of a total of 11 chapters. Part I presents a generic IoT reference model to establish a common vocabulary for IoT solutions. This includes a detailed description of the Internet protocol layers and the Things (sensors and actuators) as well as the key business drivers to realize the IoT vision. Part II focuses on the IoT requirements that impact networking protocols and provides a layer-by-layer walkthrough of the protocol stack with emphasis on industry progress and key gaps. Part III introduces the concept of Fog computing and describes the drivers for the technology, its constituent elements, and how it relates and differs from Cloud computing. Part IV discusses the IoT services platform, the cornerstone of the solution followed by the Security functions and requirements. Finally, Part V provides a treatment of the topic of connected ecosystems in IoT along with practical applications. It then surveys the latest IoT standards and discusses the pivotal role of open source in IoT. “Faculty will find well-crafted questions and answers at the end of each chapter, suitable for review and in classroom discussion topics. In addition, the material in the book can be used by engineers and technical leaders looking to gain a deep technical understanding of IoT, as well as by managers and business leaders looking to gain a competitive edge and understand innovation opportunities for the future.” Dr. Jim Spohrer, IBM “This text provides a very compelling study of the IoT space and achieves a very good balance between engineering/technology focus and business context..

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1 Internet of Things (loT) Overview 1 // 1.1 What Is the Internet of Things (loT)? 2 // 1.1.1 Background and More Complete loT Definition 3 // 1.1.2 How to Monitor and Control Things // from Anywhere in the World? 5 // 1.1.3 Why Do We Want to Monitor // and Control Things? 5 // 1.1.4 Who Will Monitor and Control? 6 // 1.1.5 How Is Security Guaranteed? 6 // 1.2 loT Reference Framework 7 // 1.3 Why Now? The 12 Factors for a Perfect Storm 8 // 1.3.1 Convergence of IT and ?? 9 // 1.3.2 The Astonishing Introduction of Creative // Internet-Based Businesses 10 // 1.3.3 Mobile Device Explosion 16 // 1.3.4 Social Network Explosion 17 // 1.3.5 Analytics at the Edge 17 // 1.3.6 Cloud Computing and Virtualization 19 // 1.3.7 Technology Explosion 21 // 1.3.8 Digital Convergence/Transformation 21 // 1.3.9 Enhanced User Interfaces 22 // 1.3.10 Fast Rate of loT Technology Adoption (Five Times More Than Electricity // and Telephony) 23 // 1.3.11 The Rise of Security Requirements 24 // 1.3.12 The Non-Stop Moore’s Law 24 // 1.4 History of the Internet 27 // 1.5 Summary 30 // 1.6 Problems and Exercises 31 // References 32 // 2 The Internet in loT—OSI, ???, IPv4, IPv6 and Internet Routing 35 // 2.1 The Open Systems Interconnection Model 35 // 2.2 End-to-End View of the OSI Model 38 // 2.3 Transmission Control Protocol/Intemet Protocol (TCP/IP) 39 // 2.3.1 TCP/IP Layer 4: Application Layer 40 // 2.3.2 TCP/IP Layer 3: Transport Layer 40 // 2.3.3 TCP/IP Layer 2: Internet Layer 40 // 2.3.4 ??? Layer 1. Network Access Layer 43 // 2.4 loT Network Level—Putting It All Together 44 // 2.5 Internet Protocol Suite 44 // 2.5.1 loT Network Level—Addressing 45 // 2.5.2 loT Network Level—Routing 50 // 2.6 Summary 54 // 2.7 Problems and Exercises 54 // References 56 // 3 The Things in loT: Sensors and Actuators 57 // 3.1 Introduction 57 // 3.2 loT Sensors 58 // 3.2.1 Definition 58 //

3.2.2 Why Sensors? 60 // 3.2.3 Sensor Types 60 // 3.2.4 Sensor Characteristics 64 // 3.3 RFID 67 // 3.3.1 RFID Main Usage and Applications 68 // 3.4 Video Tracking 69 // 3.4.1 Video Tracking Applications 70 // 3.4.2 Video Tracking Algorithms 71 // 3.5 loT Actuators 71 // 3.5.1 Definition 71 // 3.5.2 Why Actuators? 71 // 3.5.3 Actuator Types 72 // 3.5.4 Controlling loT Devices 72 // 3.6 How Things Are Identified in loT? 73 // 3.7 Summary 73 // 3.8 Problems and Exercises 73 // References 75 // 4 loT Requirements for Networking Protocols 79 // 4.1 Support for Constrained Devices 80 // 4.2 Massive Scalability 81 // 4.2.1 Device Addressing 82 // 4.2.2 Credentials Management 82 // 4.2.3 Control Plane 83 // 4.2.4 Wireless Spectrum 83 // 4.3 Determinism 84 // 4.4 Security and Privacy 86 // 4.5 Application Interoperability 88 // 4.5.1 Abstractions and Standard APIs 88 // 4.5.2 Semantic Interoperability 89 // 4.6 Summary 90 // 4.7 Problems and Exercises 91 // References 92 // 5 loT Protocol Stack: A Layered View 93 // 5.1 Link Layer 93 // 5.1.1 Challenges 93 // 5.1.2 Industry Progress 95 // 5.2 Internet Layer 108 // 5.2.1 Challenges 108 // 5.2.2 Industry Progress 110 // 5.3 Application Protocols Layer 116 // 5.3.1 Data Serialization Formats 116 // 5.3.2 Communication Paradigms 117 // 5.3.3 QoS 119 // 5.3.4 RESTful Constraints 122 // 5.3.5 Survey of loT Application Protocols 123 // 5.4 Application Services Layer 126 // 5.4.1 Motivation 126 // 5.4.2 Industry Progress 128 // 5.4.3 Technology Gaps 135 // 5.5 Summary 136 // 5.6 Problems and Exercises 136 // References 138 // 6 Fog Computing 139 // 6.1 Defining Fog Computing 139 // 6.2 Drivers for Fog 139 // 6.2.1 Data Deluge 140 // 6.2.2 Rapid Mobility 141 // 6.2.3 Reliable Control 141 // 6.2.4 Data Management and Analytics 142 // 6.3 Characteristics of Fog 142 // 6.4 Enabling Technologies and Pre-requisites 143 //

6.4.1 Virtualization Technologies 144 // 6.4.2 Network Support for Mobility 147 // 6.4.3 Fog Orchestration 154 // 6.4.4 Data Management 156 // 6.4.5 More Gaps Ahead 159 // 6.5 Summary 160 // 6.6 Problems and Exercises 160 // References 164 // 7 loT Services Platform: Functions and Requirements 165 // 7.1 loT Services Platform Functions 168 // 7.2 loT Platform Manager 169 // 7.3 Discovery: Entities, Services, and Location 170 // 7.3.1 Registration 170 // 7.3.2 Discovery 171 // 7.4 Communication Manager 173 // 7.5 Data Management and Repository 174 // 7.6 Element Manager (Managing loT Devices // and Network Elements) 175 // 7.6.1 Configuration (and Provisioning) Management 177 // 7.6.2 Fault Management 178 // 7.6.3 Performance Management 182 // 7.6.4 Important Performance Measures for loT Devices (e.g., Sensors) 183 // 7.6.5 Security Management 185 // 7.7 Firmware Manager 185 // 7.8 Topology Manager 186 // 7.9 Group Manager 187 // 7.10 Billing and Accounting 188 // 7.11 Subscription and Notification Manager 189 // 7.12 API Manager 190 // 7.13 Summary 190 // 7.14 Problems and Exercises 191 // References 193 // 8 Internet of Things Security and Privacy 195 // 8.1 Introduction 195 // 8.2 loT Security Challenges 196 // 8.3 loT Security Requirements 198 // 8.4 loT Three-Domain Architecture 199 // 8.5 Cloud Domain Attacks and Countermeasures 200 // 8.6 Fog Domain Attacks and Countermeasures 209 // 8.7 Sensing Domain Attacks and Countermeasures 212 // 8.8 Summary and Future Directions 219 // 8.9 Problems and Exercises 220 // References 221 // 9 loT Vertical Markets and Connected Ecosystems 225 // 9.1 loT Verticals 226 // 9.1.1 loT Agriculture and Farming 227 // 9.1.2 loT Energy Solutions 227 // 6.5 Summary // 6.6 Problems and Exercises // References // 7 loT Services Platform: Functions and Requirements // 7.1 loT Services Platform Functions // 7.2 loT Platform Manager //

7.3 Discovery: Entities, Services, and Location // 7.3.1 Registration // 7.3.2 Discovery // 7.4 Communication Manager // 7.5 Data Management and Repository // 7.6 Element Manager (Managing loT Devices and Network Elements) // 7.6.1 Configuration (and Provisioning) Management // 7.6.2 Fault Management // 7.6.3 Performance Management // 7.6.4 Important Performance Measures for loT Devices (e.g., Sensors) // 7.6.5 Security Management // 7.7 Firmware Manager // 7.8 Topology Manager // 7.9 Group Manager // 7.10 Billing and Accounting // 7.11 Subscription and Notification Manager // 7.12 API Manager // 7.13 Summary // 7.14 Problems and Exercises // References // 8 Internet of Things Security and Privacy // 8.1 Introduction // 8.2 loT Security Challenges // 8.3 loT Security Requirements // 8.4 loT Three-Domain Architecture // 8.5 Cloud Domain Attacks and Countermeasures // 8.6 Fog Domain Attacks and Countermeasures // 8.7 Sensing Domain Attacks and Countermeasures // 8.8 Summary and Future Directions // 8.9 Problems and Exercises // References // 9 loT Vertical Markets and Connected Ecosystems // 9.1 loT Verticals // 9.1.1 loT Agriculture and Farming // 9.1.2 loT Energy Solutions // / 9.1.3 loT Oil and Gas Solutions 228 // 9.1.4 loT Smart Building Solutions 230 // 9.1.5 loT Finance 231 // 9.1.6 loT Healthcare 232 // 9.1.7 loT Industrial 233 // 9.1.8 loT Retail 234 // 9.1.9 loT Transportation 235 // 9.2 loT Service Model—Anything as a Service 236 // 9.2.1 Thrust as a Service 236 // 9.2.2 Imaging as a Service 238 // 9.2.3 Farming as a Service 238 // 9.2.4 IT as a Service 240 // 9.3 Enabling “Anything as a Service” 241 // 9.4 Connected Ecosystems 245 // 9.4.1 loT Services Terminologies 246 // 9.4.2 loT Connected Ecosystems Models 247 // 9.4.3 loT Connected Ecosystem Models Key // Capabilities 248 // 9.5 Summary 251 // 9.6 Problems and Exercises 251 // References 254 //

10 Industry Organizations and Standards Landscape 257 // 10.1 Overview 257 // 10.2 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 258 // 10.2.1 IEEE 1451 Series 259 // 10.2.2 IEEE 1547 Series 259 // 10.2.3 IEEE 1609 Series 259 // 10.2.4 IEEE 1888 Series 260 // 10.2.5 IEEE 1900 Series 260 // 10.2.6 IEEE 2030 Series 260 // 10.2.7 IEEE 2040 Series 261 // 10.2.8 IEEE 11073 Series 261 // 10.2.9 IEEE 2413 Series 261 // 10.3 IETF 261 // 10.3.1 ROLL 262 // 10.3.2 CORE 262 // 10.3.3 6LowPAN 263 // 10.3.4 6TisCH 264 // 10.3.5 ACE 264 // 10.4 ITU 264 // 10.5 IPSO Alliance 265 // 10.6 OCF 266 // 10.7 IIC 266 // 10.8 ETSI 267 // 10.9 oneM2M 267 // 10.10 AllSeen Alliance 268 // 10.11 Thread Group 268 // 10.12 ZigBee Alliance 269 // 10.13 TIA 269 // 10.14 Z-Wave Alliance 270 // 10.15 OASIS 270 // 10.16 LoRa Alliance 270 // 10.17 Gaps and Standards Progress Scorecard 271 // 10.18 Summary 272 // 10.19 Problems and Exercises 272 // References 273 // 11 The Role of Open Source in loT 275 // 11.1 The Open Source Movement 275 // 11.2 Why Open Source? 277 // 11.3 Open Source Versus Standards 279 // 11.4 Open Source Partnering with Standards 280 // 11.5 A Tour of Open Source Activities in loT 281 // 11.5.1 loT Devices 281 // 11.5.2 loT Services Platform 283 // 11.6 Conclusions 285 // 11.7 Problems and Exercises 285 // References 286 // Appendix A: Glossary 287 // References 317 // Index 321