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BK

Champaign : Human Kinetics, [2012]

xiii, 441 stran : ilustrace, portréty ; 29 cm

ISBN 978-0-7360-9541-9 (vázáno)

Obsahuje bibliografie a rejstřík

001480457

Contents // Preface xi // Acknowledgments xiii // PART I History and Current Status of the Study ___of Physical Activity and Health___ // 1] Why Study Physical Activity and Health? 3 // Claude Bouchard, PhD; Steven N. Blair, PED; and William L Haskell, PhD // Human Evolution, History, and Physical Activity 4 • Burden of Chronic Diseases 6 • Health and Its Determinants 9 • Aging and Health 11 • Defining // Physical Activity and Physical Fitness 12 • Physical Inactivity Versus Physical Activity 14 • Summary 18 • Review Materials 19 //  Historical Perspectives on Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health 21 // Russell R. Pate, PhD // Early Beliefs About Physical Activity and Health 22 • Scientific Inquiry on Exercise and Health 24 • Evolution of Physical Activity Guidelines 27 Summary 35 • Review Materials 35 // rD Physical Activity and Fitness With Age, Sex, and Ethnic Differences 39 // Peter T. Katzmarzyk, PhD, FACSM // Physical Activity 40 • Physical Fitness 45 • Summary 50 • Review Materials 50 //  Sedentary Behavior and Inactivity Physiology 53 // Marc Hamilton, PhD; and Neville Owen, PhD // Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Public Health 54 • Inactivity Physiology: The Underlying Biology of Acute and Chronic Muscular Inactivity 58 • Sedentary Behavior and Metabolic Health: Emerging Epidemiological // Evidence 62 • Humans May Not Have Reached the Pinnacle of Physical Inactivity 64 • A Comprehensive Sedentary Behavior Research Agenda

65 • Public // Health Implications 66 • Summary 66 • Review Materials 66 // Contents // PART II Effects of Physical Activity on the Human Organism // ? Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Responses to Physical Activity Edward T. Howley, PhD // Relationship of Energy to Physical Activity 72 • Oxygen Consumption and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses to Exercise 73 • Effect of Training, Age, // and Gender on Maximal Oxygen Uptake 81 • Application to Exercise Training // and Physical Activity Interventions 82 • Summary 83 • Review Materials 84 // (?) Acute Responses to Physical Activity and Exercise Adrianne E. Hardman, MSc, PhD // Lipids and Lipoproteins 88 • Endothelial Function 91 • Insulin-Glucose // Dynamics 91 • Blood Pressure 94 • Hematological Changes 95 • Immune // Function and Inflammation 96 • Responses Related to Energy Balance 98 • Augmentation of Acute Effects by Training 100 • Summary 101 • Review Materials 101 // u Hormonal Response to Regular Physical Activity Peter A. Farrell, PhD // Defining Hormones 104 • Importance of Hormonal Regulation 106 • Regular // Physical Activity and Hormonal Adaptations 112 • Summary 118 • Review // Materials 118 // ® Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Regular Physical Activity Howard J. Green, PhD // Skeletal Muscle and Human Survival 122 • Muscle Cell: Composition, Structure, // and Function 123 • Muscle Fiber Types and Subtypes 129 • Muscle Adaptation and Functional Consequences

135 • Aging Muscle: The Role of Train- // ing 144 • Summary 146 • Review Materials 146 //  Response of Liver, Kidney, and Other Organs and Tissues to Regular Physical Activity // Roy J. Shephard, MB, BS, MD (London), PhD, DPE, DLL // Acute Effects of Physical Activity 150 • Chronic Effects of Physical Activity 155 • Strengths and Limitations of the Current Evidence 159 • Sum- // mary 160 • Review Materials 160 // vi // Contents // PART III Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health // H© Physical Activity, Fitness, and Mortality Rates 167 // Michael J. LaMonte, PhD, MPH*; and Steven N. Blair, PED Corresponding Author // Physical Activity and Mortality 169 • Fitness and Mortality 174 • Activity or Fitness and Mortality in Adults With Existing Diseases 178 • Quantifying the Population Mortality Burden of Inactivity 180 • Sumnnary 181 • Review Materials 181 // Ü H Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiac, Vascular, // and Pulmonary Morbidities 185 // Ian Janssen, PhD // Low Physical Activity and Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Morbidities 186 • Low Physical Activity and Low Cardiorespiratory // Fitness as Risk Factors for Pulmonary Morbidities 189 • Biological Mechanisms 190 • Role of Physical Activity in Patients with Cardiac, Vascular, and Pulmonary Morbidities 191 • Summary 193 • Review Materials 193 - // 1]  Physical Activity, Fitness, and Obesity 197 // Robert Ross, PhD, FACSM; and Ian Janssen, PhD // Definition

and Problem of Overweight and Obesity 198 • Fat // Depots 201 • Relationships Among Excess Weight, Physical Activity, and Fit- // ness 204 • Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of Excess Weight 207 • Summary 211 • Review Materials 212 // üc?) Physical Activity, Fitness, and Diabetes Mellitus 215 // Roeland J. Middelbeek, MD, MS; and Laurie J. Goodyear, PhD // Diabetes: Definitions and Prevalence 216 • Epidemiology, Etiology, and Compli- // cations of Type 2 Diabetes 216 • Impact of Physical Activity on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism 220 • Epidemiological Evidence Indicating Benefits of Physical Activity in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes 223 • Summary of Randomized Controlled // Trials on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 225 • Importance of Regular Physical // Activity for People With Type 2 Diabetes 226 • Summary 227 • Review Mate- // rials 227 // ? Q Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cancer 231 // l-Min Lee, MBBS, MPH, ScD // Importance of Cancer 232 • How Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Decrease // the Risk of Developing Cancer 233 • How We Study Whether Physical Activity // and Physical Fitness Decrease the Risk of Developing Cancer 234 • Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Site-Specific Cancers 236 • Physical Activity and Cancer Survivors 241 • Summary 241 • Review Materials 242 // vii // Contents // US) Physical Activity, Fitness, and Joint and Bone Health 245 // Jennifer M. Hootman, PhD, ???, FACSM, FNATA // Scientific

Evidence 246 • Strengths and Limitations of the Evidence 252 • Summary 253 • Review Materials 254 // 13(2) Physical Activity, Muscular Fitness, and Health 257 // Neil McCartney, PhD; and Stuart M. Phillips, PhD // History of Resistance Training and Its Role in Health 258 • Fundamental Aspects of Resistance Training 258 • Resistance Training Throughout the Life Span 263 • Resistance Training in Disease and Disability 265 • Summary 270 • Review Materials 271 // U u Physical Activity, Fitness, and Children 273 // Thomas Rowland, MD // Understanding the Exercise-Health Link in Children 275 • Measurement of Physical Activity in Youth 279 • Defining the Kinds and Amount of Physical Activities for Health 281 • Optimal Intervention Strategies 283 • Biological Effects on // Physical Activity in Youth 284 • Summary 284 • Review Materials 284 // 13 © Risks of Physical Activity 287 // Evert A.LM. Verhagen, PhD, FECSS; Esther M.F. van Sluijs, PhD; and Willem van Mechelen, MD, PhD, FACSM, FECSS // Risks of Physical Activity and Sport Participation 288 • Minimizing Risk and Maximizing Benefits 294 • Recommendations for Future Research 297 • Sum- // mary 297 • Review Materials 298 // PART IV Physical Activity, Fitness, Aging, and Brain Functions // 13  Physical Activity, Fitness, and Aging // Loretta DiPietro, PhD, MPH // The Aging Process 304 • Methodological Considerations in Aging // Research 307 • Demographics of Physical Activity Among Older // Adults

309 • Dimensions of Physical Activity and Their Relationship to Health and // Function in Aging 312 • Programmatic Issues in Promoting Physical Activity in // Older Populations 314 • Summary 315 • Review Materials 315 // 303 // Physical Activity and Brain Functions Kirk I. Erickson, PhD // Descriptive Questions 319 • Mechanistic Questions 323 • Applied Questions: Populations Benefiting From Physical Activity 326 • Moderating Questions: Factors Moderating the Effect of Physical Activity 327 • Summary 328 • Review Materials 328 // Contents // gH Exercise and Its Effects on Mental Health 331 // John S. Raglin, PhD; and Gregory S. Wilson, PED, FACSM // Research Paradigms of Exercise and Mental Health Research 332 • Exercise // and Depression 334 • Exercise and Anxiety 335 • Exercise and Schizophrenia 337 • Putative Mechanisms for the Psychological Benefits of Exercise 337 • Detrimental Psychological Responses to Exercise: The Overtraining // Syndrome 338 • Summary 340 • Review Materials 341 // PART V How Much Is Required and How Do We Get There? // gg Dose-Response Issues in Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health 345 // William L. Haskell, PhD // Principles Guiding the Body’s Response to Activity 346 • Components of the Physical Activity Dose 347 • Factors Determining Optimal Activity // Dose 349 • Physical Activity and Fitness: Dose for Health Benefits 355 • Summary 357 • Review Materials 357 // gg From Science to Physical Activity Guidelines 359

// Mark S. Tremblay, PhD; and William L Haskell, PhD // Stages of Physical Activity Guideline Development 360 • Strengths, Limitations, // and Challenges 370 • Summary 376 • Review Materials 376 // ___PART VI New Challenges and Opportunities___ // g-t> Genetic Differences in the Relationships Among Physical Activity, // Fitness, and Health 381 // Tuomo Rankinen, PhD; and Claude Bouchard, PhD // Basics of Human Genetics 382 • Events in Human Genes and // Genomes 386 • Genetic Variation in Exercise Traits Among Sedentary People 392 • Genetics of Physical Activity Level 394 • Individual Differences in Response to Regular Exercise 394 • Genes and Responses to Exercise 395 • Trait-Specific Response to Exercise 403 • Personalized Exercise // Medicine 405 • Summary 406 • Review Materials 406 // gcf) An Integrated View of Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health 409 // William L. Haskell, PhD; Steven N. Blair, PED; and Claude Bouchard, PhD // Physical Activity Versus Inactivity: Universal Value Versus Damaging Consequences 410 • Developing and Implementing Physical Activity // Plans 415 • Research Questions and Issues 422 • Summary 423 • Review // Materials 423 // Index 427 // About the Contributors 435 About the Editors 440 // ix