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BK

Second edition

Edinburgh ; London ; New York ; Oxford ; Philadelphia ; St Louis ; Sydney ; Toronto : Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2010

185 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm

ISBN 978-0-7020-3372-8 (brožováno)

Systems of the body

Terminologický slovník

Obsahuje rejstřík

001481748

CONTENTS // ? // INTRODUCTION 1 // What is endocrinology? 2 // What do hormones do? 2 // Types of hormone: their synthesis and secretion 4 // Tire transport and metabolism of hormones 7 // Important concepts in endocrine regulation 8 // Endocrine disorders 10 // Endocrine investigations: general principles 12 // ? // RECEPTORS AND HORMONE ACTION 15 // Introduction 16 // General characteristics of receptors 16 Types of hormone receptors 17 Cell-membrane receptors 17 Hormonal regulation of transcription 23 Intracellular receptors 24 Disorders of receptor function 26 // ? // THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY PART I: // THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND POSTERIOR PITUITARY 27 // Introduction 28 // Where can 1 find the hypothalamus and pituitary? 28 Connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary 31 // Development of the hypothalamus and pituitary 31 The hormones of the hypothalamus 31 The hormones of the posterior pituitary 32 Release of posterior pituitary hormones is part of a neuroendocrine reflex: oxytocin secretion and actions 32 // Regulation of vasopressin secretion 33 Actions of arginine vasopressin 34 Disorders of vasopressin secretion and action 35 Thirst 36 // Other hypothalamic hormones 37 // ? // THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY PART II: // THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY 39 // Introduction 40 // Structure of the anterior pituitary 40 The hormones of the anterior pituitary 41 Regulation of hormone secretion in the anterior pituitary 43 // Growth hormone and prolactin in blood 46 Actions of the

anterior pituitary hormones growth: hormone and prolactin 46 // Disorders of anterior pituitary function: over-secretion 48 // Disorders of under-secretion of anterior pituitary hormones 49 // Tests for hypopituitarism 50 Insufficient growth hormone secretion 50 // e // THE ADRENAL GLANDS PART I: // THE ADRENAL MEDULLA 53 // Introduction 54 // Where to find the adrenal glands 54 Blood supply 54 Nerve supply 55 // Embryology of the adrenal gland 55 The adrenal medulla 55 Disorders of the adrenal medulla: phaeochromocytoma 59 Familial phaeochromocytoma 59 Pharmacological uses of hormones of the adrenal medulla 60 // ? // THE ADRENAL GLANDS PART II: // THE ADRENAL CORTEX 61 // Introduction 62 // Structure of the adrenal cortex 62 Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex 62 // Regulation of steroid production 66 Transport of steroid hormones in blood 68 Disorders of adrenal steroids 71 Pharmacological use of glucocorticoids 73 // ? // THE THYROID GLAND 75 // Introduction 76 // Thyroid anatomy 77 // What is a goitre? 77 // Blood supply 77 // Structure of the thyroid 78 // Synthesis of thyroid hormones 78 // Iodine 79 // Thyroxine and T3: the thyroid hormones in blood 79 // Control of thyroid function 81 Cellular action of thyroid hormones 82 Effects of thyroid hormones 82 Disorders of thyroid hormone secretion 83 Causes of thyroid hyposecretion 85 Effects of thyroid hormone insufficiency: myxoedema 85 // CONTENTS // ? // HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION PART I: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

87 // Introduction 88 // Where are the testes? 88 // What are the testes? 89 // Testicular blood and nerve supply 90 // Spermatogenesis 91 // Androgen production 91 // Hormonal control of testicular function 91 // Transport of testosterone in blood 93 // Actions of testosterone 93 // Hormone-dependent cancer in men 95 // Disorders of male reproduction 96 // Therapeutic uses of androgens 97 // Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids 97 // Declining sperm counts 98 // ? // HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION PART II: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 99 // Introduction 100 // Structure of the ovary 100 // Ovarian hormones 100 // Transport and metabolism of oestrogen and // progesterone 102 // Oestrogens 102 // Androgen secretion by the ovaries 104 Hormonal regulation of ovarian function 105 Hormone-dependent cancer in women 105 The menstrual cycle 105 Disorders of the menstrual cycle 108 The endocrinology of pregnancy 110 // © // HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION PART III: DEVELOPMENT AND FERTILITY 115 // Introduction 116 // Gender determination and differentiation 116 Hormonal control of sexual differentiation 116 Abnormalities of sexual differentiation 117 Hormones during development: puberty and menarche 118 Disorders of puberty 119 Menopause and the climacteric 121 Premature ovarian failure 122 Symptoms of the menopause 122 Hormone replacement therapy 123 Alternative therapies 125 Hormonal control of fertility: contraception 125 Hormonal control of fertility: assisted conception 126

? // INSULIN AND THE REGULATION OF PLASMA GLUCOSE 129 // Introduction 130 Glucose in urine 130 // Insulin and the response to high blood glucose levels 131 // Disorders of blood glucose regulation: diabetes mellitus 135 Gestational diabetes 143 // The metabolic syndrome—a growing problem? 143 // © // HORMONAL REGULATION OF PLASMA CALCIUM AND CALCIUM METABOLISM 147 // Introduction 148 Serum calcium 148 // The structure, functions and endocrinology of bone 149 Hormones involved in the regulation of serum calcium 151 // Parathyroid hormone 151 // Calcitriol: source and activation of vitamin D 153 // Effects of other hormones on plasma calcium 156 // Disorders of hypercalcaemia 156 // Disorders of hypocalcaemia 157 // Diseases of bone 158 // A brief mention of calcitonin 159 // Regulation of serum phosphate 159 // MISCELLANEOUS HORMONES 161 // Erythropoietin 162 // Immune-endocrine interactions: cytokines and eicosanoids 163 // Age-related changes in hormone secretion 164 Melatonin 164 Gut hormones 166 // The hormonal control of appetite: fat is an endocrine tissue 167 // Multiple organ disorders in endocrinology 168 Regulation of blood pressure and volume 169 The next 100 years of endocrinology 169 // Glossary 171 Index 173