Preface ...9 // William Didden // A BRIEF OVERVIEW OE HUMAN GENETIC VARIATION ...13 - Andrea Novelletta and Bianca Maria Ciminelli // Introduction ...13 // SNPs ...14 // STRs ...17 // SV ...21 // Representing the geographic arrangement of diversity ...25 // Discussion ...27 // HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND ITS MUTATIONS ...33 - Markéta Tesařová and Jiří Zeman // Introduction ...33 // Mitochondria and their function ...34 // Mitochondrial genome ...35 // Specifics of mitochondrial genetics ...37 // Mitochondrial disorders ...40 // THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE HUMAN MICROBIOME AND HUMAN GENETICS ...49 - Juraj Bosák, David Šmajs // Introduction ...49 // Human genetics, diet, and the human microbiome ...50 // Diseases of the gastrointestinal system and the human microbiome ... 51 // Metabolic diseases and the human microbiome ...55 // Immune disorders and the human microbiome ...57 // Cardiovascular disorders and the human microbiome ...60 // Lung disorders and the human microbiome ...61 // ADDICTION GENOMICS ...65 - Ondřej Šeda // Introduction ...65 // Genetic component of addiction ...66 // Cigarette Smoking ...68 // Alcohol ...69 // Cannabis ...70 // Stimulants ...71 // Opioids ...71 // Outlook ...72 // DEEP LEARNING IN GENETICS AND PROTEOMICS, INCLUDING THEIR GOAL, NETWORK STRUCTURES, AND RESULTS ...75 - Xianglilan Zhang, Xuemeng Zhang, Ondžej Šeda // Introduction to Deep Learning ...77 // Deep Learning in Genomics ...77 // Deep Learning in Proteomics ...82 // HUMAN GENOME PROJECTS // From the HGP to IK, 10K and 100K and others ...87 - Radim Brdička