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Bibliografická citace

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0 (hodnocen0 x )
BK
14th edition
Philadelphia : Elsevier, [2021]
xix, 1132 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 29 cm

objednat
ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8 (vázáno)
Obsahuje bibliografie a rejstřík
001640578
UNIT I // Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology // CHAPTER 1 // Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the "Internal Environment" 3 // Cells Are the Living Units of the Body 3 // Extracellular Fluid—the "Internal Environment" 3 // Homeostasis—Maintenance of a Nearly Constant Internal Environment 4 // Control Systems of the Body 7 // Summary—Automaticity of the Body 10 // CHAPTER 2 // The Cell and Its Functions 13 // Organization of the Cell 13 // Cell Structure 14 // Comparison of the Animal Cell With Precellular Forms of Life 20 // Functional Systems of the Cell 21 // Locomotion of Cells 26 // CHAPTER 3 // Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, // Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction 31 // Cell Nucleus Genes Control Protein Synthesis 31 // Transcription—Transfer of Cell Nucleus DNA Code to Cytoplasm RNA Code 33 // Translation—Formation of Proteins on the // Ribosomes 37 // Synthesis of Other Substances in the Cell 38 // Control of Gene Function and Biochemical Activity in Cells 38 // The DNA-Genetic System Controls Cell Reproduction 41 // Cell Differentiation 45 // Apoptosis—Programmed Cell Death 45 // Cancer 45 // UNIT II // Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle // CHAPTER 4 // Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes 51 // The Cell Membrane Is a Lipid Bilayer With Cell Membrane Transport Proteins 51 // Diffusion 52 // Active Transport of Substances Through // Membranes 58 // CHAPTER 5 // Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials 63 // Basic Physics of Membrane Potentials 63 // Resting Membrane Potential of Neurons 65 // Neuron Action Potential 67 // Propagation of the Action Potential 71 // Re-Establishing Sodium and Potassium Ionic Gradients After Action Potentials are Completed—Importance of Energy Metabolism 72 // Plateau in Some Action Potentials 72 // Rhythmicity of Some Excitable Tissues — Repetitive Discharge 73 //
Special Characteristics of Signal Transmission in Nerve Trunks 74 // Excitation—The Process of Eliciting the Action Potential 75 // CHAPTER 6 // Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 79 // Physiological Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle 79 // General Mechanism of Muscle Contraction 81 // Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction 82 // Energetics of Muscle Contraction 85 // Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction 87 // CHAPTER 7 // Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling 93 // Neuromuscular Junction and Transmission of Impulses From Nerve Endings to Skeletal Muscle Fibers 93 // Muscle Action Potential 97 // Excitation-Contraction Coupling 97 // CHAPTER 8 // Excitation and Contraction of Smooth // Muscle 101 // Contraction of Smooth Muscle 101 // Regulation of Contraction by Calcium Ions 103 // Nervous and Hormonal Control of Smooth // Muscle Contraction 105 // The Heart CHAPTER 9 // Cardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves 113 // Physiology of Cardiac Muscle 113 // Cardiac Cycle 117 // Regulation of Heart Pumping 123 // CHAPTER 10 // Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart 127 // Specialized Excitatory and Conductive System of the Heart 127 // Control of Excitation and Conduction in the // Heart 131 // CHAPTER 11 // Fundamentals of Electrocardiography 135 // Waveforms of the Normal Electrocardiogram 135 Flow of Current Around the Heart During the Cardiac Cycle 137 // Electrocardiographic Leads 138 // CHAPTER 12 // Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis 143 // Vectorial Analysis of Electrocardiograms 143 // Vectorial Analysis of the Normal Electrocardiogram 145 // Mean Electrical Axis of the Ventricular ORS and its Significance 148 // Conditions That Cause Abnormal Voltages of the QRS Complex 150 // Prolonged and Bizarre Patterns of the QRS Complex 151 // Current of Injury 152 // Abnormalities in the T Wave 156 //
CHAPTER 13 // Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation 157 // Abnormal Sinus Rhythms 157 // Heart Block Within the Intracardiac Conduction Pathways 158 // Premature Contractions 160 // Paroxysmal Tachycardia 162 // Ventricular Fibrillation 163 // Atrial Fibrillation 166 // Atrial Flutter 167 // Cardiac Arrest 167 // The Circulation // CHAPTER 14 // Overview of the Circulation: Pressure, // Flow, and Resistance 171 // Physical Characteristics of the Circulation 171 // Basic Principles of Circulatory Function 173 // Interrelationships of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance 173 // CHAPTER 15 // Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems 183 // Vascular Distensibility 183 // Arterial Pressure Pulsations 184 // Veins and Their Functions 188 // CHAPTER 16 // The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow 193 // Structure of the Microcirculation and Capillary System 193 // Flow of Blood in the Capillaries—Vasomotion 194 Exchange of Water, Nutrients, and Other Substances Between the Blood and Interstitial Fluid 195 // Interstitium and Interstitial Fluid 196 // Fluid Filtration Across Capillaries 197 // Lymphatic System 201 // CHAPTER 17 // Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow 205 // Local Control of Blood Flow in Response to Tissue Needs 205 // Mechanisms of Blood Flow Control 205 // Humoral Control of the Circulation 214 // CHAPTER 18 // Nervous Regulation of the Circulation and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure 217 // Nervous Regulation of the Circulation 217 // Special Features of Nervous Control of Arterial Pressure 226 // CHAPTER 19 // Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: The Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation 229 // Renal-Body Fluid System for Arterial Pressure Control 229 // Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Arterial Pressure Control 236 //
Summary of Integrated Multifaceted Systems for Arterial Pressure Regulation 243 // CHAPTER 20 // Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation • 245 // Normal Values for Cardiac Output at Rest and During Activity 245 // Control of Cardiac Output by Venous Return—Frank-Starling Mechanism of the Heart 245 // Methods For Measuring Cardiac Output 256 // CHAPTER 21 // Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease 259 // Blood Flow Regulation in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and During Exercise 259 // Coronary Circulation 262 // CHAPTER 22 // Cardiac Failure 271 // Circulatory Dynamics in Cardiac Failure 271 // Unilateral Left Heart Failure 275 // Low-Output Cardiac Failure—Cardiogenic Shock 275 // Edema in Patients With Cardiac Failure 275 // Cardiac Reserve 277 // Quantitative Graphic Analysis of Cardiac Failure 278 // Heart Failure With Diastolic Dysfunction and Normal Ejection Fraction 280 // High-Output Cardiac Failure 280 // CHAPTER 23 // Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects 283 // Heart Sounds 283 // Abnormal Circulatory Dynamics in Valvular Heart Disease 286 // Abnormal Circulatory Dynamics in Congenital Heart Defects 288 // Use of Extracorporeal Circulation During Cardiac Surgery 291 // Hypertrophy of the Heart in Valvular and Congenital Heart Disease 291 // CHAPTER 24 // Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment 293 // Physiological Causes of Shock 293 // Shock Caused by Hypovolemia — Hemorrhagic Shock 294 // Neurogenic Shock — Increased Vascular Capacity 299 // Anaphylactic Shock and Histamine Shock 300 // Septic Shock 300 // Physiology of Treatment in Shock 301 // Circulatory Arrest // UNIT V 301 // The Body Fluids and Kidneys // CHAPTER 25 // Regulation of Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema 305 // Fluid Intake and Output Are Balanced During Steady-State Conditions 305 // Body Fluid Compartments 306 //
Constituents of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids 307 // Measurement of Body Fluid Compartment Volumes—Indicator-Dilution Principle 308 // Fluid Exchange and Osmotic Equilibrium Between Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid 310 // Volume and Osmolality of Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids in Abnormal States 312 // Glucose and Other Solutions Administered For Nutritive Purposes 313 // Contents // Clinical Abnormalities of Fluid Volume Regulation: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia 314 // Edema: Excess Fluid in the Tissues 316 // Fluids in Potential Spaces of the Body 319 // CHAPTER 26 // The Urinary System: Functional Anatomy and Urine Formation by the Kidneys 321 // Multiple Functions of the Kidneys 321 // Physiologic Anatomy of the Kidneys 322 // Micturition 324 // Urine Formation Results from Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion 329 // CHAPTER 27 // Glomerular Filtration, Renal Blood Flow, and Their Control 331 // Glomerular Filtration—The First Step in Urine Formation 331 // Determinants of the Glomerular Filtration Rate 333 // Renal Blood Flow 336 // Physiological Control of Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow 337 // Autoregulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Blood Flow 338 // CHAPTER 28 // Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion 343 // Tubular Reabsorption Is Quantitatively Large and Highly Selective 343 // Tubular Reabsorption Includes Passive and Active Mechanisms 343 // Reabsorption and Secretion Along Different Parts of the Nephron 349 // Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption 355 // Use of Clearance Methods to Quantify Kidney Function 360 // CHAPTER 29 // Urine Concentration and Dilution; Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration 365 // Kidneys Excrete Excess Water by Forming Dilute Urine 365 // Kidneys Conserve Water by Excreting Concentrated Urine 367 // Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism Produces Hyperosmotic Renal Medullary Interstitium 368 //
Loop of Henle Characteristics That Cause Solutes to Be Trapped in the Renal Medulla 368 // Control of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration 375 // Osmoreceptor-ADH Feedback System 375 // Importance of Thirst in Controlling Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration 377 // CHAPTER 30 // Renal Regulation of Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium; Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume 383 // Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Potassium Concentration and Potassium Excretion 383 // Regulation of Rena! Calcium Excretion and Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration 390 // Regulation of Renal Phosphate Excretion 391 // Regulation of Renal Magnesium Excretion and Extracellular Magnesium Ion Concentration 392 // Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Extracellular Fluid 392 // Importance of Pressure Natriuresis and Pressure Diuresis in Maintaining Body Sodium and Fluid Balance 394 // Distribution of Extracellular Fluid Between Interstitial Spaces and Vascular System 396 // Nervous and Hormonal Factors Increase Effectiveness of Renal-Body Fluid Feedback Control 396 // Integrated Responses to Changes in Sodium Intake 399 // Conditions That Cause Large Increases in Blood Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume 400 // Conditions That Cause Large Increases in Extracellular Fluid Volume With Normal or Reduced Blood Volume 400 // CHAPTER 31 // Acid-Base Regulation 403 // Hydrogen Ion Concentration Is Precisely Regulated 403 // Acids and Bases—Definitions and Meanings 403 // Defending Against Changes in H+ Concentration: Buffers, Lungs, and Kidneys 404 // Buffering of H+in the Body Fluids 404 // Bicarbonate Buffer System 405 // Phosphate Buffer System 407 // Proteins Are Important Intracellular Buffers 407 // Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance 408 // Renal Control of Acid-Base Balance 409 // Secretion of H+ and Reabsorption of HCO3- by the Renal Tubules 410 //
Combination of Excess H+ With Phosphate and Ammonia Buffers In the Tubule Generates "New" HCO3- 412 // Quantifying Renal Acid-Base Excretion 414 // Regulation of Renal Tubular H+ Secretion 414 // Renal Correction of Acidosis—Increased Excretion of H+ and Addition of HC03- to the Extracellular Fluid 415 // Renal Correction of Alkalosis—Decreased Tubular Secretion of H+ and Increased Excretion of HCO3- 416 // CHAPTER 32 // Diuretics and Kidney Diseases 421 // Diuretics and Their Mechanisms of Action 421 // Kidney Diseases 423 // Acute Kidney Injury 423 // Chronic Kidney Disease Is Often Associated With Irreversible Loss of Functional Nephrons 426 // Blood Cells, Immunity, and Blood Coagulation // CHAPTER 33 // Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia 439 // Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) 439 // Anemias 446 // Polycythemia 447 // CHAPTER 34 // Resistance of the Body to Infection: I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation 449 // Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) 449 // Neutrophils and Macrophages Defend Against Infections 450 // Monocyte-Macrophage Cell System (Reticuloendothelial System) 452 // Inflammation: Role of Neutrophils and Macrophages 454 // Eosinophils 456 // Basophils 457 // Leukopenia 457 // Leukemias 457 // CHAPTER 35 // Resistance of the Body to Infection: II. Immunity and Allergy 459 // Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity 459 // Allergy and Hypersensitivity 469 // CHAPTER 36 // Blood Types; Transfusion; and Tissue and Organ Transplantation 471 // Antigenicity Causes Immune Reactions of Blood 471 // O-A-B Blood Types 471 // Rh Blood Types 473 // Transfusion Reactions Resulting From Mismatched Blood Types Transplantation of Tissues and Organs 475 // CHAPTER 37 // Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation 477 // Hemostasis Events 477 // Mechanism of Blood Coagulation 479 // Conditions That Cause Excessive Bleeding in Humans 484 // Thromboembolic Conditions 486 // Anticoagulants for Clinical Use 486 //
Blood Coagulation Tests 487 // UNIT VII // Respiration // CHAPTER 38 // Pulmonary Ventilation 491 // Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation 491 // Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities 495 // Alveolar Ventilation 497 // CHAPTER 39 // Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, and Pleural Fluid 503 // Physiological Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulatory System 503 // Pressures in the Pulmonary System 503 // Blood Volume of the Lungs 504 // Blood Flow Through the Lungs and its Distribution 504 // Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure Gradients in the Lungs on Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow 505 // Pulmonary Capillary Dynamics 507 // Fluid in the Pleural Cavity 509 // CHAPTER 40 // Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane 511 // Compositions of Alveolar Air and Atmospheric Air Are Different 513 // Diffusion of Gases Through the Respiratory Membrane 515 // CHAPTER 41 // Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids 521 // Transport of Oxygen From the Lungs to the Body Tissues 521 // Transport of CO2 in Blood 528 // Respiratory Exchange Ratio 530 // CHAPTER 42 // Regulation of Respiration 531 // Respiratory Center 531 // Chemical Control of Respiration 533 // Peripheral Chemoreceptor System — Role of Oxygen in Respiratory Control 534 // Regulation of Respiration During Exercise 536 // CHAPTER 43 // Respiratory Insufficiency—Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy 541 // Useful Methods for Studying Respiratory Abnormalities 541 // Pathophysiology of Specific Pulmonary Abnormalities 543 // Hypoxia and Oxygen Therapy 546 // Hypercapnia—Excess Carbon Dioxide in the Body Fluids 548 // Artificial Respiration 548 // UNIT VIII // Aviation, Space, and Deep-Sea Diving Physiology // CHAPTER 44 // Aviation, High Altitude, and Space Physiology 553 // Effects of Low Oxygen Pressure on the Body 553 // CHAPTER 45 // Physiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions 561 //
Effect of High Partial Pressures of Individual Gases on the Body 561 // Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) Diving 565 // UNIT IX // The Nervous System: A. General Principles and Sensory Physiology // CHAPTER 46 // Organization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters 569 // General Design of the Nervous System 569 // Major Levels of Central Nervous System Function 571 // Comparison of the Nervous System to a Computer 572 // Central Nervous System Synapses 572 // Special Characteristics of Synaptic Transmission 584 // CHAPTER 47 // Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information 587 // Types of Sensory Receptors and the Stimuli They Detect 587 // Transduction of Sensory Stimuli Into Nerve Impulses 587 // Signal Intensity Transmission in Nerve Tracts—Spatial and Temporal Summation 592 // Transmission and Processing of Signals in Neuronal Pools 592 // Instability and Stability of Neuronal Circuits 597 // CHAPTER 48 // Somatic Sensations: I. General Organization, Tactile and Position Senses 599 // Sensory Pathways for Transmitting Somatic Signals Into the Central Nervous System 601 // Transmission in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal System 601 // Transmission of Sensory Signals in the Anterolateral Pathway 609 // CHAPTER 49 // Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations 613 // Fast Pain and Slow Pain and Their Qualities 613 // Pain Receptors and Their Stimulation 613 // Dual Pathways for Transmission of Pain Signals Into the Central Nervous System 614 // Pain Suppression (Analgesia) System in the Brain and Spinal Cord 616 // Referred Pain 618 // Visceral Pain 618 // Thermal Sensations 622 // UNIT X // The Nervous System: B. The Special Senses // CHAPTER 50 // The Eye: I. Optics of Vision 627 // Physical Principles of Optics 627 // Optics of the Eye 630 // Fluid System of the Eye—Intraocular Fluid 635 //
CHAPTER 51 // The Eye: II. Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina 639 // Anatomy and Function of the Structural Elements of the Retina 639 // Photochemistry of Vision 641 // Color Vision 645 // Neural Function of the Retina 646 // CHAPTER 52 // The Eye: III. Central Neurophysiology of Vision 653 // Visual Pathways 653 // Organization and Function of the Visual Cortex 654 // Neuronal Patterns of Stimulation During Analysis of Visual Images 656 // Eye Movements and Their Control 657 // Autonomic Control of Accommodation and Pupillary Aperture 660 // CHAPTER 53 // The Sense of Hearing 663 // Tympanic Membrane and the Ossicular System 663 // Cochlea 664 // Central Auditory Mechanisms 669 // CHAPTER 54 // The Chemical Senses — Taste and Smell 675 // Sense of Taste 675 // Sense of Smell 679 // UNIT XI // The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative Neurophysiology // CHAPTER 55 // Spinal Cord Motor Functions; the Cord Reflexes 685 // Organization of the Spinal Cord for Motor Functions 685 // Muscle Sensory Receptors—Muscle Spindles and Golgi Tendon Organs—and Their Roles in Muscle Control 686 // Flexor Reflex and the Withdrawal Reflexes 691 // Crossed Extensor Reflex 693 // Reciprocal Inhibition and Reciprocal Innervation 693 // Reflexes of Posture and Locomotion 693 // CHAPTER 56 // Cortical and Brain Stem Control of Motor Function 697 // Motor Cortex and Corticospinal Tract 697 // Control of Motor Functions by the Brain Stem 703 // Vestibular Sensations and Maintenance of Equilibrium 704 // CHAPTER 57 // Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia Contributions to Overall Motor Control 711 // The Cerebellum and Its Motor Functions 711 // The Basal Ganglia and Their Motor Functions 720 // Integration of the Many Parts of the Total Motor Control System 724 // CHAPTER 58 // Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning, and Memory 727 // Physiologic Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex 727 // Functions of Specific Cortical Areas 728 //
The Corpus Callosum and Anterior Commissure Transfer Thoughts, Memories, Training, and Other Information Between the Two Cerebral Hemispheres 735 // Thoughts, Consciousness, and Memory 735 // CHAPTER 59 // The Limbic System and the Hypothalamus — Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of the Brain 741 // Activating—Driving Systems of the Brain 741 // Limbic System 744 // The Hypothalamus, a Major Control Headquarters for the Limbic System 745 // Specific Functions of Other Parts of the Limbic System 749 // CHAPTER 60 // States of Brain Activity—Sleep, Brain Waves, Epilepsy, Psychoses, and Dementia 753 // Sleep 753 // CHAPTER 61 // The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla 763 // General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System 763 // Basic Characteristics of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Function 765 // Selective Stimulation of Target Organs by Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems or "Mass Discharge" 773 // CHAPTER 62 // Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism 777 // Cerebral Blood Flow 777 // Cerebrospinal Fluid System 780 // Brain Metabolism 783 // UNIT XII // Gastrointestinal Physiology // CHAPTER 63 // General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function—Motility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation 787 // General Principles of Gastrointestinal Motility 787 // Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function—Enteric Nervous System 789 // Hormonal Control of Gastrointestinal Motility 791 // Functional Movements in the Gastrointestinal Tract 793 // Gastrointestinal Blood Flow—Splanchnic Circulation 794 // CHAPTER 64 // Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the Alimentary Tract 797 // Ingestion of Food 797 // Motor Functions of the Stomach 799 // Movements of the Small Intestine 802 // Movements of the Colon 804 // Other Autonomic Reflexes That Affect Bowel Activity 806 // CHAPTER 65 // Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract 807 //
General Principles of Alimentary Tract Secretion 807 // Secretion of Saliva 809 // Gastric Secretion 811 // Pancreatic Secretion 814 // Bile Secretion by the Liver 817 // Secretions of the Small Intestine 820 // CHAPTER 66 // Digestion and Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract 823 // Digestion of Various Foods by Hydrolysis 823 // Basic Principles of Gastrointestinal Absorption 827 // Absorption in the Small Intestine 828 // Absorption in the Large Intestine: Formation of Feces 831 // CHAPTER 67 // Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders 833 // UNIT XIII // Metabolism and Temperature Regulation // CHAPTER 68 // Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Formation of Adenosine Triphosphate 843 // CHAPTER 69 // Lipid Metabolism 853 // Basic Chemical Structure of Triglycerides (Neutral Fat) 853 // Transport of Lipids in the Body Fluids 853 // CHAPTER 70 // Protein Metabolism 865 // CHAPTER 71 // The Liver 871 // CHAPTER 72 // Dietary Balances; Regulation of Feeding; // Obesity and Starvation; Vitamins and Minerals 877 // Energy Intake and Output Balanced Under Steady-State Conditions 877 // Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Storage 879 // CHAPTER 73 // Energetics and Metabolic Rate 893 // CHAPTER 74 // Body Temperature Regulation // and Fever 901 // Normal Body Temperatures 901 // Body Temperature Is Controlled by Balancing // Heat Production and Heat Loss 901 // Regulation of Body Temperature — Role of the Hypothalamus 905 // Abnormalities of Body Temperature Regulation 909 // UNIT XIV // Endocrinology and Reproduction // CHAPTER 75 // Introduction to Endocrinology 915 // Coordination of Body Functions by Chemical Messengers 915 // Chemical Structure and Synthesis of Hormones 915 // Hormone Secretion, Transport, and Clearance From the Blood 919 // Mechanisms of Action of Hormones 920 // CHAPTER 76 // Pituitary Hormones and Their Control by the Hypothalamus 929 //
Pituitary Gland and Its Relation to the Hypothalamus 929 // Hypothalamus Controls Pituitary Secretion 930 // Physiological Functions of Growth Hormone 932 // Posterior Pituitary Gland and Its Relation to the Hypothalamus 938 // CHAPTER 77 // Thyroid Metabolic Hormones 941 // Synthesis and Secretion of the Thyroid Metabolic Hormones 941 // Physiological Functions of the Thyroid Hormones 944 // Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion 948 // CHAPTER 78 // Adrenocortical Hormones 955 // Corticosteroids: Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, and Androgens 955 // Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical Hormones 955 // Functions of Mineralocorticoids — Aldosterone 958 // Functions of Glucocorticoids 962 // CHAPTER 79 // Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus 973 // Insulin and Its Metabolic Effects 973 // Glucagon and Its Functions 982 // Summary of Blood Glucose Regulation 983 // CHAPTER 80 // Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, // Vitamin D, Bone, and Teeth 991 // Overview of Calcium and Phosphate Regulation in Extracellular Fluid and Plasma 991 // Bone and Its Relationship to Extracellular Calcium and Phosphate 993 // Vitamin D 997 // Parathyroid Hormone 999 // Calcitonin 1002 // Summary of Control of Calcium Ion Concentration Physiology of the Teeth 1006 // CHAPTER 81 // Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male (and Function of the Pineal Gland) 1011 // Spermatogenesis 1011 // Male Sexual Act 1016 // Testosterone and Other Male Sex Hormones 1018 // CHAPTER 82 // Female Physiology Before Pregnancy and Female Hormones 1027 // Physiologic Anatomy of the Female Sexual Organs 1027 // Oogenesis and Follicular Development in the Ovaries 1027 // Female Hormonal System 1027 // Monthly Ovarian Cycle and Function of Gonadotropic Hormones 1028 // Functions of Ovarian Hormones - Estradiol and Progesterone 1032 //
Regulation of Female Monthly Rhythm — Interplay Between Ovarian and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hormones 1037 // Female Sexual Act 1041 // CHAPTER 83 // Pregnancy and Lactation 1045 // Maturation and Fertilization of the Ovum 1045 // Early Nutrition of the Embryo 1047 // Anatomy and Function of the Placenta 1047 // Hormonal Factors in Pregnancy 1049 // Parturition 1054 // Lactation 1056 // CHAPTER 84 // Fetal and Neonatal Physiology 1061 // UNIT XV // Sports Physiology // CHAPTER 85 // Sports Physiology 1073

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