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Fourth edition

Lexington, Massachusetts ; Toronto : D.C. Heath and Company, [1989]

xv, 646, 85 stran : ilustrace (některé barevné), mapy, portréty, faksimile ; 26 cm

ISBN 0-669-15430-X (vázáno)

Terminologický slovník

Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

001654395

omeeP to AR Sotto // // // . rocc -on- -o-t // : -C. P - 4 // .0 oppeoeCropoo // C.9 // - ECeBOmoe CSC. // - vo- - Coe - ".A - 0 // • A- ", 445 : . // PART ONE THE AMERICAN SYSTEM // r= 0 CO FH // The Study of American Government 4 // What Is Political Power? 6 ■ What Is Democracy? 7 - How Is Power // Distributed in a Democracy? 9 - Political Change 12 - Finding Out // Who Governs 13 // The Constitution 16 // The Problem of Liberty 17 • The Constitutional Convention 22 ■ The // Challenge 26 • The Constitution and Democracy 28 * The Constitution // and Liberty 32 - The Constitution and Slavery 35 - The Motives of // the Framers 37 • Constitutional Reform-Modern Views 40 // Federalism 46 // Governmental Structure 47 - The Founding 51 - The Debate on the // Meaning of Federalism 54 - Federal-State Relations 56 - The // Slowdown in "Free" Money 61 • Federal Aid and Federal Control 64 // • Federalism and Public Policy 69 // American Political Culture 73 // Political Culture 75 • Comparing America with Other Nations 79 // • Political System 79 - Economic System 82 - The Sources of Political // Culture 82 ■ Mistrust of Government 86 - Political Efficacy 88 // " Political Tolerance 90 // PART TWO OPINIONS, INTERESTS, AND ORGANIZATIONS 94 // Public Opinion 96 // What Is Public Opinion? 98 - The Origins of Political Attitudes loo // - Cleavages in Public Opinion 107 - Political Ideology 114 - Political // Elites, Public Opinion,

and Public Policy 119 // xi // XII // Contents // 10 // Political Participation 122 // A Closer Look at Nonvoting 123 - The Rise of the American Electorate 124 // - Who Participates in Politics? 130 // Political Parties 139 // Parties-Here and Abroad 140 â–  The Rise and Decline of the Political // Party 143 - The National Party Structure Today 150 - State and Local // Parties 155 - The Two-Party System 160 â–  Minor Parties 163 // - Nominating a President 166 - Do the Parties Differ? 168 // Elections and Campaigns 172 // Presidential versus Congressional Campaigns 173 - Primary versus General // Campaigns 178 - The Effects of Campaigns 185 - What Decides the // Election? 185 - Election Outcomes 194 - The Effects of Elections on // Policy 199 - Elections and Money 202 // Interest Groups 209 // Explaining Proliferation 210 - The Birth of Interest Groups 211 - Kinds // of Organizations 213 - Interest Groups and Social Movements 219 // - Funds for Interest Groups 222 â–  The Problem of Bias 223 - The // Activities of Interest Groups 227 - Regulating Interest Groups 236 // The Media 238 // Journalism in American Political History 240 - The Structure of the // Media 245 - Rules Governing the Media 249 - The Effects of the Media // on Politics 252 - Government and the News 253 - Interpreting Political // News 255 // PART THREE INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT 264 // 11 // Congress 266 // The Evolution of Congress 269 - Who Is in Congress? 274 - Getting // Elected to Congress 278

- The Organization of Congress: Parties and // Interests 282 - The Organization of Congress: Committees 291 - The // Organization of Congress: Staffs and Specialized Offices 295 - How a Bill // Becomes Law 297 - How Members of Congress Vote 305 • Ethics and // Congress 309 - The Power of Congress 311 // Contents // X // 12 // 13 // 14 // PART FOUR // 15 // 16 // 17 // The Presidency 314 // Presidents and Prime Ministers 315 • The Powers of the President 317 // ’ The Evolution of the Presidency 319 • The Office of the President 326 // ’ Who Gets Appointed 333 • Presidential Character 335 • The Power to // Persuade 336 • The Power to Say No 342 • The President’s Program 345 // ’ Presidential Transition 351 • How Powerful Is the President? 356 // The Bureaucracy 358 // Distinctiveness of the American Bureaucracy 359 • The Growth of the // Bureaucracy 360 • The Federal Bureaucracy Today 364 " Congressional // Oversight 379 • Bureaucratic "Pathologies" 382 // The Judiciary 388 // The Development of the Federal Courts 390 • The Structure of the Federal // Courts 396 " The Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts 400 ’ Getting to // Court 402 ’ The Supreme Court in Action 406 • The Power of the // Federal Courts 410 • Checks on Judicial Power 414 // THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC POLICY // 420 // The Policy-Making Process 422 // Setting the Agenda 423 " Making a Decision 427 • Majoritarian Politics:

// Distributed Benefits, Distributed Costs 429 • Interest-Group Politics: // Concentrated Benefits, Concentrated Costs 430 " Client Politics: Concentrated // Benefits, Distributed Costs 431 • Entrepreneurial Politics: Distributed Benefits, // Concentrated Costs 432 • The Case of Business Regulation 433 // " Perceptions, Beliefs, Interests, and Values 441 // Economic Policy 448 // Economic Health 449 • Economic Theories and Political Needs 452 // " The Machinery of Economic Policy Making 455 • Spending Money 458 // " The Budget 459 " Levying Taxes 462 // Social Welfare 470 // Overview of Welfare Politics in the United States 471 " The Four Laws in // Brief 474 " The Politics of Welfare 480 " Two Kinds of Welfare // Politics 483 // The Problem of the "Safety Net"-487.-- VYSOKA SKCLA EKONOMICKA // I katedra politologa // I nam Winstona Churchilla 4 // I 130 67 Praha 3 // xiv // Contents // 18 // 19 // 20 // 21 // PART FIVE // 22 // 23 // PART SIX // 24 // Civil Liberties 489 // The Politics of Civil Liberties 490 - Politics, Culture, and Civil Liberties 491 // Interpreting and Applying the First Amendment 496 • Who Is a Person? 501 // - Church and State 502 - Crime and Due Process 505 // Civil Rights 513 // The Black Predicament 514 • The Campaign in the Courts 517 - The // Campaign in Congress 524 - Women and Equal Rights 530 - Women and // the Economy 534 ■ Opportunities versus Results 535 // Foreign Policy 540 // Kinds of Foreign

Policy 541 • The Constitutional and Legal Context 544 // ’ The Machinery of Foreign Policy 549 • Foreign Policy and Public // Opinion 551 " Cleavages among Foreign-Policy Elites 558 • Elite Interests // versus Elite Opinions 564 // Military Policy 570 // The Structure of Defense Decision Making 572 - The Defense Budget 575 // â–  What Do We Buy for Our Money? 582 • Congress versus the Executive 586 // THE NATURE OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 588 // Who Governs? 590 // Four Kinds of Politics 591 // To What Ends? 605 // Competing Theories of Political Power 598 // Competing Interests 606 • Restraints on Growth of Government 607 // " Consequences of Activist Government 608 • The Influence of Structure 610 // " The Influence of Ideas 612 // STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 616 // State and Local Government 618 // State Constitutions and Political Philosophy 619 • The Legal Basis of State // and Local Government 622 • The Structure of State Government 627 // • The Structure of Local Government 636 • Politics and Policies 641 // - Taxes and Tax Revolts 643 • The States in American Politics 645 // // Contents // Appendix Al // The Declaration of Independence A3 // The Constitution of the United States Ay // The Federalist No. 10 A25 // The Federalist No. 51 Đ�31 // Presidents and Congresses, 1789-1989 A3 5 // Glossary A39 // References A50 // Index to References A64 // Index Đ�67