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EB

EB

ONLINE

Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, 2012

1 online zdroj

ISBN 9781492595298 (online)

ISBN 9781492576587 (PDF ebook)

ISBN 9780736080200 (print)

"Biomechanics of Human Motion."

Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy

Richly illustrated and presented in clear, concise language, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is an essential resource for those seeking advanced knowledge of muscle biomechanics. Written by leading experts Vladimir Zatsiorsky and Boris Prilutsky, the text is one of the few to look at muscle biomechanics in its entirety--from muscle fibers to muscle coordination--making it a unique contribution to the field. Using a blend of experimental evidence and mechanical models, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single muscles--from the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. The architecture of human muscle, the mechanical properties of tendons and passive muscles, the biomechanics of active muscles, and the force transmission and shock absorption aspects of muscle are explored in detail.-.

001657893

Part I. Muscle Architecture and Mechanics -- Chapter 1. Muscle Architecture ; Muscle Fascicles and Their Arrangements ; Parallel Fibered and Fusiform Muscles ; Pennate Muscles ; Convergent and Circular Muscles ; Muscle Fascicle Curvature: Frenet Frames ; Fiber Architecture in the Fascicles ; Muscle as a Fiber-Reinforced Composite ; Fiber, Fascicle, and Muscle Length: Length-Length Ratios ; Fiber and Fascicle Length ; Length-Length Ratios ; Muscle Path: Muscle Centroids ; Straight-Line Representation of Muscle Path ; Centroid Model of Muscle Path ; Curved and Wrapping Muscles ; Twisted Muscles ; Muscles Attaching to More Than Two Bones ; Cross-Sectional Area, Physiological and Anatomical ; Muscle Attachment Area ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List -- Chapter 2. Properties of Tendons and Passive Muscles ; Biomechanics of Tendons and Aponeuroses ; Elastic Behavior ; Viscoelastic Behavior of Tendons ; Tendon Interaction With Surrounding Tissues ; Mechanical Properties of Passive Muscles ; Muscle Tone: Equitonometry ; Mechanical Properties of Relaxed Muscles ; On Joint Flexibility ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List ---

Chapter 3. Mechanics of Active Muscle ; Muscle Force Production and Transmission ; Experimental Methods ; Transition From Rest to Activity ; Transition From Activity to Rest: Muscle Relaxation ; Constancy of the Muscle Volume ; Force Transmission and Internal Deformations (Strain) ; Intramuscular Stress and Pressure ; Functional RelationsForce-Length Relations ; Force-Velocity Relations ; Force-Length-Velocity Relations ; History Effects in Muscle Mechanics ; Force Depression After Muscle Shortening ; Effects of Muscle Release: Quick-Release and Controlled-Release Methods: Series Muscle Components ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List -- Chapter 4. Muscles as Force and Energy Absorbers ; Muscle Mechanical Behavior During Stretch ; Dynamic Force Enhancement ; Residual Force Enhancement ; Muscle Shortening After Stretch ; Work and Power During Shortening After Stretch ; Energy Consumption During Stretch and Efficiency of the Muscle Shortening After Stretch ; Dissipation of Energy ; Mechanical Muscle Models ; Hill-Type Model ; Model Scaling ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List -- Part II. Muscles in the Body --

Chapter 5. From Muscle Forces to Joint Moments ; Force Transmission: From Muscle to Bone ; From Muscle to Tendon ; From Tendon to Bone ; Tendon Elasticity and Isometric Force-Length Relation ; Force Transmission Via Soft Tissue Skeleton (Fascia) ; Structure of Fascia ; Muscle-Tendon-Fascia Attachments ; Fascia as Soft Tissue Skeleton (Ectoskeleton) ; Muscle Moment Arms ; Muscle Moment Arm Vectors and Their Components ; Methods for Determination of Muscle Moment Arms ; Factors Affecting Muscle Moment Arm ; Transformation of Muscle Forces to Joint Moments: Muscle Jacobian ; Summary ; Questions for Review; Literature List -- Chapter 6. Two-Joint Muscles in Human Motion ; Two-Joint Muscles: A Special Case of Multifunctional Muscles ; Functional Features of Two-Joint Muscles ; Anatomical and Morphological Features of Two-Joint Muscles ; Functional Roles of Two-Joint Muscles ; Kinetic Analysis of Two-Joint Muscles: Lombard’s Paradox ; Kinematic Analysis of Two-Joint Muscles: Solution of Lombard’s Paradox ; Mechanical Energy Transfer and Saving by Two-Joint Muscles ; Tendon Action of Two-Joint Muscles ; Saving Mechanical Energy by Two-Joint Muscles ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List --

Chapter 7. Eccentric Muscle Action in Human Motion ; Joint Power and Work as Measures of Eccentric Action ; Negative Power and Work at a Joint ; Total Negative Power and Work in Several Joints ; Negative Power of Center of Mass Motion ; Two Ways of Mechanical Energy Dissipation: Softness of Landing ; Negative Work in Selected Activities ; Walking ; Stair Descent and Ascent ; Level, Downhill, and Uphill Running ; Landing ; Joint Moments During Eccentric Actions ; Maximal Joint Moments During Eccentric Actions ; Force Changes During and After Stretch ; Residual Force Enhancement in Humans ; Muscle Activity During Eccentric Actions ; Surface Electromyographic Activity During Eccentric Actions ; Motor Unit Activity During Eccentric Actions ; Electromechanical Delay ; Physiological Cost of Eccentric Action ; Oxygen Consumption During Eccentric and Concentric Exercise ; Fatigue and Perceived Exertion During Eccentric Action ; Muscle Soreness After Eccentric Exercise ; Reversible Muscle Action: Stretch-Shortening Cycle ; Enhancement of Positive Work and Power Production ; Mechanisms of the Performance Enhancement in the SSC ; Efficiency of Positive Work in SSC ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List --

Chapter 8. Muscle Coordination in Human Motion ; Kinematic Redundancy and Kinematic Invariant Characteristics of Limb Movements ; Straight-Line Limb Endpoint Trajectory ; Bell-Shaped Velocity Profile8.1.3 Power Law ; Fitts’ Law ; Principle of Least Action ; Kinetic Invariant Characteristics of Limb Movements ; Elbow-Shoulder Joint Moment Covariation During Arm Reaching ; Minimum Joint Moment Change ; Orientation and Shape of the Arm Apparent Stiffness Ellipses ; Muscle Redundancy ; Sources of Muscle Redundancy ; Invariant Features of Muscle Activity Patterns ; The Distribution Problem ; Static Optimization ; Dynamic Optimization ; Inverse Optimization ; On Optimization Methods in Human Biomechanics and Motor Control ; Summary ; Questions for Review ; Literature List