Contents // Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 // 1 Ethnicity without Groups 7 // 2 Beyond “Identity” 28 // 3 Ethnicity as Cognition 64 // 4 Ethnic and Nationalist Violence 88 // 5 The Return of Assimilation? 116 // 6 “Civic” and “Ethnic” Nationalism 132 // 7 Ethnicity, Migration, and Statehood in Post-Cold War Europe 147 // 8 1848 in 1998: The Politics of Commemoration in Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia 161 // Notes 205 References 239 Index 279