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BK

Sixth edition

Hoboken : Wiley Blackwell, 2021

xvii, 374 stran : ilustrace ; 25 cm

ISBN 978-1-119-53850-9 (brožováno)

Terminologický slovník

Obsahuje bibliografii a rejstřík

001952021

List of Plates xiii // List of Figures, Maps, and Tables xv // Acknowledgements xix // Introduction 1 // The Creation of Global Issues 1 // 1 What is Development? 3 // Developing Toward What? 3 // Twentieth-Century Approach: Development as Economic Growth 4 // Twenty-First-Century Approach: Developing towards Sustainability 6 // Wave of Hope: The Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015) 7 // Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) 8 // Development Assistance and Foreign Aid 10 // Culture and Development 14 // Conclusion 16 // Notes 18 // Further Reading 19 // 2 Wealth and Poverty 21 // Can We Eradicate Poverty? 23 // Mainstreaming Sustainable Development 27 // A Pessimistic View: The Persistence of Poverty 29 // Systematic Approaches 33 // A Market Approach 33 // The State as Economic Actor 36 // A Blended Approach 40 // viii // Contents // Trade and Global Economic Interdependence 41 // Global Interdependence 43 // Positive aspects 43 // Negative aspects 44 // Geography and Wealth, Geography and Poverty 45 // Conclusions 46 // Notes 48 // Further Reading 52 // 3 Population 55 // The Changing Population of the World 56 // Shifting Demographics: Rural to Urban 61 // Causes of the Population Explosion 67 // Demographic transitions: population and development 68 // How Population Growth Affects Development 74 // Rapid growth 74 // Slow growth 76 // An aging population and low birth rates 76 // How Development Affects Population Growth 79 // Factors lowering birth rates 80 // International Conferences on Population 82 // Governmental Population Policies 84 // Managing growth 84 // Mexico 86 // India 88 // China 88 // Promoting growth 89 // The Future 92 // The growth of the worlds population 92 // The carrying capacity of the Earth 92 // "Optimum" size of the Earths population 94 // Population-related challenges in our future 96 // Conclusions 98 // Notes 99 // Further reading 105 //

4 Food 108 // How Many Are Hungry? 109 // World Food Production 110 // Arable land 111 // Climate 112 // How Development Affects Food 113 // United States: Industrial Agriculture and Farm Consolidation 114 // Brazil: Becoming a Food Exporter by Expanding the // Agricultural Frontier 116 // Contents ix // China: Limited Land to Grow, Many Mouths to Feed 116 // Feeding a Growing Population 118 // The "Green" Revolution 119 // Fertilizers 120 // Pesticides 121 // Energy 121 // Irrigation 122 // Biotechnology 122 // Fishing and aquaculture 125 // Traditional/sustainable/organic agriculture 126 // Causes of World Hunger 128 // How Food Affects Development 132 // The type of food 134 // Whats your Footprint? 138 // Food Waste and Food Loss 139 // The Future 140 // Governmental Food Policies 141 // Future Food Supplies 143 // Conclusions 145 // Notes 146 // Further Reading 156 // 5 Energy 158 // The Relationship between Energy Use and Development 159 // Nonrenewable Energy Sources 161 // Oil 162 // Global Oil Supplies and Price Shocks 163 // Coal 165 // Natural Gas 166 // The Energy Transition 167 // Renewable Energy Sources 169 // Solar Power 169 // Wind 171 // Hydroelectric Power 172 // Wood, Agricultural/Forestry Residues, and Animal Dung 173 // Geothermal Energy 174 // Hydrogen-Powered Fuel Cells 175 // Energy and Development: Critical Challenges and Opportunities 176 // National Approaches to Energy and Development 177 // China 179 // The United States 180 // Western Europe 183 // Japan 184 // The Decoupling of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth 185 // Conservation/Energy Efficiency 186 // Nuclear Power: A Case Study 188 // The potential and the peril 188 // The choice 192 // Withdraw support for nuclear power 192 // Continue to support nuclear power 194 // Conclusions 195 // Notes 196 // Further Reading 201 //

6 Climate Change 203 // An Unprecedented Global Challenge 204 // How Increased Temperatures Impact the Earth 206 // Regional impacts 206 // Africa 207 // Asia 207 // Low-lying islands 207 // Europe 207 // Latin America 207 // North America 207 // Polar regions 207 // Types of impacts 209 // Monster storms 209 // Extreme heat 210 // Infectious diseases 210 // Agriculture 210 // Melting ice 212 // Sea level rise 212 // Disruption of natural ecosystems 213 // How Bad Will It Get? 213 // Planet at a crossroads: high stakes choices 215 // Air pollution 215 // Uncertainties 216 // Abrupt climate change 216 // Slower Atlantic currents 216 // Clouds 216 // Other positive and negative feedbacks 216 // Global Agreement for a Global Problem 217 // What More Can Be Done? 218 // Conclusion 221 // Notes 221 // Further Reading 223 // 7 The Environment: Natural Resources 225 // The Awakening 225 // Water 228 // Contents xi // Land 229 // Minerals 229 // Deforestation 230 // Governing the Commons 235 // The Extinction of Species 236 // Responsible Use 240 // Resource efficiency 240 // Recycling 241 // Substitution 243 // Reducing needs 243 // Conclusion 244 // Notes 244 // Recommended Readings 248 // 8 The Environment: Pollution 249 // Air Pollution 250 // Acid rain 254 // Ozone depletion 258 // Climate change (global warming) 260 // Water Pollution 261 // The Workplace and the Home 263 // Cancer 263 // Chemicals 264 // Pesticides 265 // Managing Waste 267 // Solid wastes 267 // Toxic wastes 269 // Governmental and industrial responses to the waste problem 270 // Environmental Politics 271 // Conclusion 274 // Notes 275 // Further Reading 282 // 9 Technology 283 // Benefits of Technology 284 // Unanticipated Consequences of the Use of Technology 285 // DDT 287 // Factory farms 288 // Inappropriate Uses of Technology 289 // Limits to the "Technological Fix" 294 // War 296 //

The Threat of Nuclear Weapons: A Case Study 298 // The threat 298 // New dangers 301 // Nuclear proliferation 301 // The cleanup 303 // The threat of nuclear terrorism 303 // Conclusions 304 // Notes 305 // Further Reading 308 // 10 Alternative Futures 310 // Development Pathways: Evaluating Our Current Situation 311 // Current Outlook: Business as Usual 312 // Collapse and Sustainable Development 314 // Choices 318 // Improve production 318 // Reduce demand 319 // Governance: Deciding How to Act on the Choices We Make 320 // Conclusion 324 // Notes 326 // Further Reading 330 // Appendix 1: Studying and Teaching Global Issues 332 // Appendix 2: Relevant Videos 340 // Glossary 349 // Index 355