SECTION 1: OVERVIEW // 4 Standard Methods for Infectious Diseases - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD, and Shira Winters, MD // 10 Emerging Techniques - Jessica Crothers, MD // 12 Biosafety Considerations - Jessica Crothers, MD // 16 Pitfalls and Artifacts - Jessica Crothers, MD, Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // SECTION 2: VIRAL INFECTIONS // DNA VIRUSES // 22 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) // Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Leigh Compton, MD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 28 Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3) Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Eleanor Pussell-Coldman, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 32 Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4) Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 38 Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 44 Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7) // Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 46 Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (HHV-8) // Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Leigh Compton, MD, and Dan // Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 52 Herpes B Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 54 Adenovirus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 58 Hepatitis B and D Virus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 62 Parvovirus B19 Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Leigh Compton, MD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 66 JC Virus, BK Virus, and Other Polyomavirus // Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 72 Human Papillomavirus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 78 Molluscum Contagiosum - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD //
80 Smallpox, Mpox, and Other Pox Virus Infections - Alvaro C Laga, MD, MMSc, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // RNA VIRUSES // 86 Arbovirus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 92 Zika Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 96 Ebola, Marburg, and Other Hemorrhagic Fever Virus // Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 102 Enterovirus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 104 Poliovirus Infection - Jessica Crothers, MD and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 106 Rabies Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 108 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 110 Measles Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 112 Mumps Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 114 Rubella Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 116 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 120 Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 122 Influenza Virus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 126 Parainfluenza Virus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 128 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 134 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle // East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Other Coronavirus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD // Rhinoviruses, Human Metapneumovirus, and Other Respiratory Virus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Rotavirus, Norovirus, and Astrovirus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Hepatitis A and E Virus Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD //
Hepatitis C Virus Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // SECTION 3: PRION DISEASES // 152 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // SECTION 4: BACTERIAL INFECTIONS // 158 Bacterial Classification and Diagnosis - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // Botryomycosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA // 162 Malakoplakia - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Leigh Gompton, MD // CRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA // 164 Actinomycosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD, and Leigh Gompton, MD // 166 Bacillus Species Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 170 Clostridioides and Other Gram-Positive Anaerobes - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD and Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD // 174 Corynebacterium Species Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 178 Listeria Species Infection - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 180 Rhodococcus Species Infection - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // ’32 Staphylococcus Species Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 188 Streptococcus and Enterococcus Species Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 192 Whipple Disease - Jessica Grothers, MD, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA // ’96 Pathologically Important Enterobacterales: Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, and Yersinia Species Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD and Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD // 204 Fastidious Organisms: Brucella, Francisella, Haemophilus, and Legionella Species Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 210 Nonfermentative Organisms: Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, and Pseudomonas Species Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD, and Lenette Lu, MD, PhD //
216 Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Other GramNegative Anaerobes - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 220 Bartonella Species Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc // 222 Campylobacter and Vibrio Species Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 226 Helicobacteriosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 228 Neisseria and Moraxella Species Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 232 Pertussis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 234 Intestinal Spirochetosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Leigh Gompton, MD, and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 236 Borrelia Species Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 240 Leptospira Species Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 242 Syphilis and Other Treponematoses - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 248 Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD, and Lenette Lu, MD, PhD // 252 Chlamydophila and Chlamydia Species Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 256 Coxiella Species Infection - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 258 Rickettsia and Orientia Species Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 262 Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Species Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // ACID-FAST BACTERIA // 264 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 270 Leprosy - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 274 Buruli Ulcer - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc //
Laga, MD, MMSc // 276 Mycobacterium avium Complex and Other Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections - Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD and Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD // 280 Nocardiosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // SECTION 5: FUNGAL INFECTIONS // 286 Fungal Classification and Diagnosis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // MOLDS // 290 Aspergillosis - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 296 Entomophthoramycosis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc // 300 Fusariosis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 302 Mucormycosis - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 306 Mycetoma - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH, and Brian J. Hall, MD // 310 Phaeohyphomycosis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 312 Scedosporiosis and Lomentosporiosis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, and Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD // 314 Scopulariopsis Infections - Zoe Freeman Weiss, MD, Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, and Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD // 316 Tineasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Leigh Gompton, MD, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 318 Trichosporonosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 320 Superficial Mycoses - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc // YEAST AND YEAST-LIKE ORGANISMS // 324 Blastomycosis - Jessica Grothers, MD // 330 Candidiasis - Jessica Grothers, MD, T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 336 Chromoblastomycosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH, and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 340 Coccidioidomycosis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD //
344 Cryptococcosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 350 Histoplasmosis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH, and Nicole Pecora, MD, PhD // 356 Lobomycosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc // 358 Paracoccidioidomycosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD // 360 Pneumocystosis - Jessica Grothers, MD, Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 364 Sporotrichosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 368 Talaromycosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 370 Rhinosporidiosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc // 372 Protothecosis - Jessica Grothers, MD // SECTION 6: PROTOZOAN PARASITIC INFECTIONS // 376 Parasite Classification and Diagnosis - Alvaro G. Laga, MD, MMSc, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // GASTROINTESTINAL AND OTHER LUMINAL PROTOZOA // 380 Balantidiasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 382 Cryptosporidiosis and Other Coccidia Infections - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 386 Entamebiasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 390 Giardiasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Eleanor RussellGoldman, MD, PhD, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // 392 Microsporidiosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 394 Trichomoniasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and T. Rinda Soong, MD, PhD, MPH // INTRAVASCULAR PROTOZOA // 396 African Trypanosomiasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // 398 Babesiosis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Lenette Lu, MD, PhD //
402 Malaria - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // DEEP TISSUE PROTOZOA // CESTODES // Free-Living Amebiasis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // American Trypanosomiasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, and Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD // Leishmaniasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA, and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Toxoplasmosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Coenurosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Cysticercosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Diphyllobothriasis and Hymenolepiasis - Jessica Crothers, MD // Echinococcosis - Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Sparganosis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // SECTION 7: HELMINTHIC PARASITIC INFECTIONS // ECTION 8: INFESTATIONS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATE-RELATED MALADIES // NEMATODES // Ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Angiostrongyliasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Ascariasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Enterobiasis - Jessica Crothers, MD and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Gnathostomiasis - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc // Human Filariasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Eleanor Russell-Goldman, MD, PhD // Onchocerciasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA // Strongyloidiasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Trichuriasis - Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Trichinellosis - Jessica Crothers, MD // TREMATODES // Clonorchiasis and Opisthorchiasis - Jessica Crothers, MD // Fascioliasis and Fasciolopsiasis - Jessica Crothers, MD // Paragonimiasis - Jessica Crothers, MD //
Schistosomiasis - Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA and Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD // Tissue Damage From Arachnids and Insects - Alvaro C. Laga, MD, MMSc, Isaac H. Solomon, MD, PhD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Myiasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Scabies - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA, Leigh Compton, MD, and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Demodex Infestations - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA // Tungiasis - Malak Abedalthagafi, MD, MBA and Dan Milner, MD, MSc(Epi), MBA