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BK

Second edition

London ; San Diego, CA ; Cambridge, MA ; Oxford : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2023]

xxix, 610 stran : ilustrace (převážně barevné), mapy ; 24 cm

ISBN 978-0-12-819119-4 (brožováno)

Obsahuje bibliografie, bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

002001972

List of contributors xi // Preface xv // I. Groundwater ecology and evolution: an introduction xvii // Setting the scene: groundwater as ecosystems // 1. Hydrodynamics and geomorphology of groundwater environments - Luc Aquilina, Christine Stumpp, Daniele Tonina and John M. Buffington // Introduction 3 // The aquifer concept 5 // Links to surface hydrology 13 // Aquifer function 17 // The chemical composition of groundwater 21 // Chemical and nutrient fluxes in aquifers 24 // Conclusion 27 // Acknowledgments 28 // References 28 // 2. Classifying groundwater ecosystems - Anne Robertson, Anton Brancelj, Heide Stein and Hans Juergen Hahn // Introduction 39 // Classification systems 41 // Global scale 42 // Continental scale 42 // Landscape scale 44 // Habitat/local scale 48 // Conclusions 53 // Glossary 54 // Acknowledgments 55 // References 55 // 3. Physical and biogeochemical processes of hyporheic exchange in alluvial rivers - Daniele Tonina and John M. Buffington // Introduction 61 // The hyporheic zone 64 // Predicting hyporheic exchange 65 // The role of hyporheic flow on water quality 73 // Conclusion 77 // Acknowledgments 78 // References 78 // 4. Ecological and evolutionary jargon in subterranean biology - David C. Culver, Tanja Pipan and Ziga Fiser // Introduction 89 // Ecological classifications 90 // Colonization and speciation 95 // Morphological modification for subterranean life 99 // Overall recommendations 103 // Glossaries 104 // Eco-Evo Glossary 104 // Retired Speleobiological Glossary 105 // Acknowledgments 106 // References 106 // II. Drivers and patterns of groundwater biodiversity // 5. Groundwater biodiversity and constraints to biological distribution - Pierre Marmonier, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Kathryn Korbel, Murray Close, Thibault Datry and Clemens Karwautz // Introduction 113 // An overview of groundwater biodiversity 115 //

Physical constraints to biological distribution 122 // Chemical constraints to biological distribution 125 // Species interactions 128 // The effect of the past: paleogeographic events and historical climates 130 // Conclusion 132 // Acknowledgments 133 // References 133 // 6. Patterns and determinants of richness and composition of the groundwater fauna - Maja Zagmajster, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, William F. Humphreys, Matthew L. Niemiller and Florian Malard // Introduction 141 // Patterns of species richness 143 // Patterns of species composition 152 // Toward a multifaceted approach to groundwater biodiversity patterns 156 // Acknowledgments 159 // References 159 // 7. Phylogenies reveal speciation dynamics: case studies from groundwater - Steven Cooper, Cene Fiser, Valerija Zaksek, Teo Delic, Spela Borko, Arnaud Faille and William Humphreys // Introduction 165 // Single colonization versus multiple colonizations from surface ancestors 168 // Speciation from subterranean ancestors 169 // Speciation from subterranean ancestors: likely mechanisms 171 // Drivers of subterranean diversity: the role of paleoclimatic and paleogeological events 173 // Synthesis and future prospects 176 // Acknowledgments 177 // References 177 // 8. Dispersal and geographic range size in groundwater - Florian Malard, Erik Garcia Machado, Didier Casane, Steven Cooper, Cene Fiser and David Eme // Introduction 185 // Evolution of dispersal 188 // Range size 193 // Groundwater landscape connectivity modulates dispersal 197 // Conclusion 200 // Acknowledgments 201 // References 201 // III. Roles of organisms in groundwater // 9. Microbial diversity and processes in groundwater - Lucas Fillinger, Christian Griebler, Jennifer Hellal, Catherine Joulian and Louise Weaver // Introduction 211 // Ecological processes determining microbial community diversity and composition 213 //

Microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles 217 // Microbial attenuation of groundwater contaminants and bottlenecks 222 // Resistance and resilience of groundwater microbial communities to perturbations 227 // Outlook 230 // Acknowledgments 230 // References 231 // 10. Groundwater food webs - Michael Venarsky, Kevin S. Simon, Mattia Sacco, Clementine Francois, Laurent Simon and Christian Griebler // Introduction 241 // Basal energy dynamics in groundwater food webs 242 // The role of habitat in groundwater food web dynamics 245 // The role of food web processes in groundwater community dynamics 247 // Trophic niche diversification in groundwater ecosystems 248 // Future directions 249 // Acknowledgments 253 // References 253 // 11. Role of invertebrates in groundwater ecosystem processes and services - Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Grant C. Hose, Kevin S. Simon, Kathryn Korbel, Maria Avramov and Ross Vander Vorste // Introduction 263 // Trophic actions of invertebrates 265 // Ecosystem engineering activities by invertebrates 269 // Conceptual model of the role of invertebrates on ecosystem processes and consequences for ecosystem services 270 // Environmental impacts on surface watergroundwater interfaces and consequences for the provision of ecosystem services by invertebrates 273 // Suggestions for future research directions 275 // Acknowledgments 276 // References 276 // IV. Principles of evolution in groundwater // 12. Voices from the underground: animal models for the study of trait evolution during groundwater colonization and adaptation - Sylvie Retaux and William R. Jeffery // Introduction 285 // Brief historical timeline 286 // Groundwater model systems 287 // Troglomorphic traits 289 // Timeline of troglomorphic trait evolution 293 // Evolutionary developmental biology of groundwater organisms 293 // Evolutionary genomics of groundwater organisms 293 //

Evolutionary genomics of groundwater organisms 296 // Conclusions 298 // Acknowledgments 299 // References 299 // 13. The olm (Proteus anguinus), a flagship groundwater species - Rok Kostanjsek, Valerija Zaksek, Lilijana Bizjak-Mali and Peter Trontelj // Introduction 305 // The historical rise to fame 306 // Systematics and evolution 307 // Molecular ecology and conservation genetics 310 // Morphology and sensory systems of a groundwater top predator 313 // Reproductive peculiarities 315 // The overlooked part of groundwater ecology: symbioses, pathogens and parasites 317 // Conservation 320 // Conclusive remarks on flagship species in groundwater 322 // Acknowledgments 324 // References 324 // 14. The Asellus aquations species complex: an invertebrate model in subterranean evolution - Meredith Protas, Peter Trontelj, Simona Prevorenik and Ziga Fiser // Introduction 329 // Phylogeography and population structure 330 // Phenotypic evolution of subterranean populations 334 // Raising and breeding in the laboratory 339 // Genetic basis of subterranean-related traits 340 // Evolutionary development (evo-devo) 342 // Comparative transcriptomics 344 // Conclusions and prospect 345 // Acknowledgments 346 // References 346 // 15. Developmental and genetic basis of troglomorphic traits in the teleost fish Astyanax mexicanus - Joshua B. Gross, Tyler E. Boggs, Sylvie Retaux and Jorge Torres-Paz // The history of genetic and genomic studies of troglomorphy in Astyanax 351 // Developmental basis of troglomorphy in Astyanax 357 // Conclusions 366 // Acknowledgments 366 // References 366 // 16. Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on groundwater colonization by the amphipod crustacean Gammarus minus - Daniel W. Fong and David B. Carlini // Introduction 373 // Ecological setting and morphological variation 374 // Upstream colonization of subterranean waters by Gammarus minus 377 //

Impetus for colonizing cave streams 378 // Multiple independent colonization of cave streams 380 // Evolutionary perspectives 383 // Melanin pigment loss and innate immunity 387 // Future directions 388 // Acknowledgments 389 // References 389 // 17. Evolutionary genomics and transcriptomics in groundwater animals - Didier Casane, Nathanaelle Saclier, Maxime Policarpo, Clementine Francois and Tristan Lefebure // Introduction 393 // Evolution of genes and genome architecture 394 // Evolution of gene expression in groundwater 405 // Conclusion 410 // Acknowledgments 410 // References 410 // Biological traits in groundwater // 18. Dissolving morphological and behavioral traits of groundwater animals into a functional phenotype - Cene Fiser, Anton Brancelj, Masato Yoshizawa, Stefano Mammola and Ziga Fiser // Introduction 415 // Habitat template 417 // Morphological-behavioral functional phenotype 417 // Synthesis and perspectives 430 // Acknowledgments 432 // References 432 // 19. Life histories in groundwater organisms - Michael Venarsky, Matthew L. Niemiller, Cene Fiser, Nathanaelle Saclier and Oana Teodora Moldovan // Introduction 439 // A brief overview of life history evolution, life history traits, and life table variables 442 // The current conceptual model of life history evolution in groundwater species 445 // Support for the current conceptual model of life history evolution in groundwater species 446 // Conclusions 451 // Acknowledgments 452 // References 452 // 20. Physiological tolerance and ecotoxicological constraints of groundwater fauna - Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Maria Avramov, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Sanda Iepure, Stefano Mammola, Ana Sofia P.S. Reboleira and Frédéric Hervant // Introduction 457 // Physiological tolerance of groundwater invertebrates to changing thermal conditions 458 //

Physiological tolerance of groundwater organisms to chemical stress 464 // Physiological tolerance of groundwater organisms to light, food and oxygen variations: indications for ecotoxicological protocols 470 // Conclusions 473 // Acknowledgments 473 // References 474 // VI. Biodiversity and ecosystem management in groundwater // 21. Global groundwater in the Anthropocene - Daniel Kretschmer, Alexander Wachholz and Robert Reinecke // Introduction 483 // Groundwater availability and distribution 484 // Frameworks for sustainable use of groundwater in the Anthropocene 489 // Anthropogenic threats to groundwater 490 // Outlook 494 // Glossary 495 // Acknowledgments 495 // References 495 // 22. Assessing groundwater ecosystem health, status, and services - Grant C. Hose, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Lucas Fillinger, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Christian Griebler, Hans Juergen Hahn, Kim M. Handley, Kathryn Korbel, Ana Sofia Reboleira, Tobias Siemensmeyer, Cornelia Spengler, Louise Weaver and Alexander Weigand // Introduction 501 // Assessing ecosystem health and condition 503 // Indicators of ecosystem health and condition 508 // Defining the reference condition for groundwater ecosystems 513 // Combining indicators into summary indices 515 // Predicting ecosystem health and condition 516 // Future directions 517 // Acknowledgments 518 // References 519 // 23. Recent concepts and approaches for conserving groundwater biodiversity - Andrew J. Boulton, Maria Elina Bichuette, Kathryn Korbel, Fabio Stoch, Matthew L. Niemiller, Grant C. Hose and Simon Linke // Introduction 525 // Past concepts and approaches in groundwater biodiversity conservation 527 // Recent concepts and approaches in groundwater biodiversity conservation 531 // Conclusion and future directions 543 // Acknowledgments 545 // References 545 //

24. Legal frameworks for the conservation and sustainable management of groundwater ecosystems - Christian Griebler, Hans Juergen Hahn, Stefano Mammola, Matthew L. Niemiller, Louise Weaver, Mattia Sacco, Maria Elina Bichuette and Grant C. Hose // Introduction 551 // Conservation of groundwater ecosystems and species at risk 552 // Why study, assess, and protect groundwater ecosystems? 553 // Legal frameworks related to groundwater ecosystems 554 // Current challenges and the future of groundwater conservation 563 // Acknowledgments 566 // References 566 // The ecological and evolutionary unity and diversity of groundwater ecosystems—conclusions and perspective 573 // Index 589