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Boston ; Berlin ; Lancaster, England : De Gruyter Mouton : Ishara Press, [2020]

1 online resource (xx, 329 pages)

ISBN 9783110671667 (e-book)

ISBN 9783110668001

Sign languages and deaf communities ; Volume 13

Print version: Pendzich, Nina-Kristin. Lexical nonmanuals in German sign language : empirical studies and theoretical implications. Boston ; Berlin ; Lancaster, England : De Gruyter Mouton ; Ishara Press, c2020 xx, 329 pages Sign languages and deaf communities ; Volume 13. ISBN 9783110668001

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Acknowledgements V // List of Figures-XIII // List of Tables XVII // Notational conventions XIX // Sign language acronyms XXI // 1 Introduction 1 // 1.1 Research questions 1 // 1.2 Methodology 3 // 1.3 Outline of the book 5 // Part I: Theoretical and methodological background // 2 Nonmanual complexity in sign languages 11 // 2.1 Components of the torso, head, and face 12 // 2.2 Different functions of nonmanuals 14 // 2.2.1 Affective and gestural nonmanuals 15 // 2.2.2 Grammatical and lexical nonmanuals 19 // 2.2.3 Distinguishing affective and gestural nonmanuals from grammatical // and lexical nonmanuals 26 // 2.3 The Facial Action Coding System (FACS)-27 // 2.3.1 Introduction to FACS 27 // 2.3.2 The use of FACS for the present analyses-29 // 3 State of research on lexical nonmanuals and mouthings 38 // 3.1 Lexical nonmanuals 38 // 3.1.1 Theoretical and empirical treatments of lexical nonmanuals-38 // 3.1.2 Do sign languages comprise nonmanual minimal pairs? 45 // 3.1.3 Do sign languages comprise nonmanual signs? 49 // 3.1.4 Criteria for the classification of nonmanuals as phonological markings 50 // 3.2 Mouthings 51 // Part II: Empirical studies // 4 Study I: Lexical judgment and the meaning of signs 59 // 4.1 Research question 59 // 4.2 Methodology 60 // 4.2.1 Study design 60 // 4.2.1.1 Stimuli and fillers 60 // 4.2.1.2 Design of the questionnaire 67 // 4.2.1.3 Design of the interview 69 // 4.2.2 Participants 70 // 4.3 Data 72 // 4.3.1 Lexical judgment task (questionnaire) and translation task (interview) 72 // 4.3.2 Lexical judgment task with participants’ explanatory statements (interview) 73 // 4.3.3 Mouthing classification task (interview)-74 // 4.4 Results 74 // 4.4.1 Statistical analyses of the lexical judgment tasks (questionnaire and interview) 74 // 4.4.1.1 NMF signs vs. m-NMF signs 74 // 4.4.1.2 Single signs 78 // 4.4.1.3 Age-group comparison 87 //

4.4.1.4 Nonmanual sign types 89 // 4.4.1.5 Manual manipulation vs. non manual manipulation 92 // 4.4.2 Participants’ explanatory statements for the judgments (interview) 94 // 4.4.2.1 Which role do lexical nonmanuals play? 94 // 4.4.2.2 Nonmanual sign variants 95 // 4.4.2.3 Unilateral lexical nonmanuals 98 // 4.4.2.4 Lexical nonmanuals and the interplay with morphological markings // and pragmatic factors 101 // 4.4.3 Translation task (interview) 103 // 4.4.4 Mouthing classification task (interview) 111 // 4.5 Summary and discussion 114 // 5 Study II: Lexical decision with reaction times 121 // 5.1 Research question 121 // 5.2 Methodology 122 // 5.2.1 Study design 122 // 5.2.1.1 Stimuli and fillers-122 // 5.2.1.2 Design of the questionnaire 127 // 5.2.2 Participants 129 // 5.3 Data 131 // 5.4 Results 132 // 5.4.1 Statistical analyses of the reaction times-132 // 5.4.1.1 Single signs 132 // 5.4.1.2 NMF signs without mouthing vs. NMF signs with mouthing 139 // 5.4.1.3 NMF signs vs. m-NMF signs 140 // 5.4.1.4 Age-group comparison 146 // 5.4.1.5 Manual manipulation vs. nonmanual manipulation 148 // 5.4.2 Manual meaning vs. non manual meaning 150 // 5.5 Summary and discussion 152 // 6 Study III: Meaning attribution to isolated facial expressions-156 // 6.1 Research question 156 // 6.2 Methodology 157 // 6.2.1 Study design 157 // 6.2.1.1 Stimuli and fillers 157 // 6.2.1.2 Design of the questionnaire 161 // 6.2.2 Participants 163 // 6.3 Data and categorization 166 // 6.4 Results 169 // 6.4.1 Meaning attributions (MeaAtts) by deaf and hearing // subjects 169 // 6.4.2 Lexical MeaAtts 171 // 6.4.3 Grammatical MeaAtts 177 // 6.4.4 Differences within the MeaAtts by deaf and hearing subjects 181 // 6.4.5 Commonalities within the MeaAtts by deaf and hearing subjects 185 // 6.5 Summary and discussion 187 // Part III: Discussion and theoretical implications //

7 Towards a new classification of lexical nonmanuals 199 // 7.1 Overlap of phonemes and morphemes 200 // 7.2 Formational aspects 202 // 7.2.1 Nonmanual sign types, components, sub-components, and features 203 // 7.2.2 Articulation patterns 208 // 7.2.2.1 Muscle contraction based articulation pattern (MuCon-AP) 210 // 7.2.2.2 Component based articulation pattern (Com-AP) 213 // 7.2.3 Constant nonmanuals vs. dynamic nonmanuals 216 // 7.2.3.1 Constant nonmanuals 218 // 7.2.3.2 Dynamic nonmanuals 219 // 7.2.4 Lexical nonmanuals and syllables 226 // 7.2.5 Dominant half of the upper body 230 // 7.3 Semantic categorization 233 // 7.3.1 Lexical nonmanual imitation of action 235 // 7.3.2 Lexical nonmanual highlighting of a characteristic aspect of the sign meaning 237 // 7.3.3 Lexicalized affective nonmanuals 238 // 7.3.4 Lexicalized gestural nonmanuals 242 // 7.3.5 Lexical non-iconic nonmanuals 243 // 7.4 Further characteristics 245 // 7.4.1 Diachronic change 246 // 7.4.2 The interaction of lexical nonmanuals and mouthings 247 // 7.4.3 Distinctive function and semantic accentuation 251 // 7.4.3.1 Distinctive function 252 // 7.4.3.2 Semantic accentuation 256 // 7.5 Nonmanuals in mental lexical entries 258 // 7.6 Extension of Brentari’s Prosodic Model 266 // 8 Conclusion 271 // 8.1 What are lexical nonmanuals? 271 // 8.2 Outlook for further research-282 // Appendices 285 // A Stimuli in the NMF and m-NMF condition of Study I and Study II // A.1 Signs with a lexical facial expression-287 // A.2 Signs with a lexical facial expression and torso/head action // A.3 Signs with a lexical torso/head action // B Manual error types of the fillers in Study I and Study II 297 // B.l Filler group: Manually manipulated signs without lexical nonmanuals 297 // B.2 Filler group: Manually manipulated signs with lexical nonmanuals 297 //

C Statistical distribution of the ratings regarding meaning category 1 and 2 in the questionnaire of Study 1 299 // D Answer words in Study II 301 // D.l Practice 301 // D.2 Stimuli 301 // D.3 Fillers 303 // E Still images from the stimulus videos of Study III 305 // F Meaning Attribution (MeaAtt) categories in Study III 311 // References 313 // Index 327

(Au-PeEL)EBL6240313

(MiAaPQ)EBC6240313

(OCoLC)1163286941