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BK

3rd ed., revised and expanded

Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 1997

xix, 650 s. : il., grafy ; 26 cm

ISBN 978-0-8247-9397-5 (váz.) ISBN !0-8247-9397-8 (chyb.)

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Bibliografické odkazy, rejstřík

000001480

Preface to the Third Edition iii // Acknowledgments vii // Preface to the Second Edition ix // Preface to the First Edition xi // 1. Colloid and Surface Chemistry: Scope and Variables 1 // 1.1 Introduction 1 // 1.2 The Importance of the Surface for Small Particles 6 // 1.3 Classification of Colloids Based on Affinity to Carrier Fluid 10 // 1.4 Concept of Stability of Colloidal Systems 14 // 1.5 Some Physical Characteristics of Colloids 19 // 1.6 Some Classical and Emerging Experimental Tools 38 // 1.7 An Overview of the Book 56 // Review Questions 57 // References 57 // Problems 59 // 2. Sedimentation and Diffusion and Their Equilibrium 62 // 2.1 Introduction 62 // 2.2 Sedimentation: Some Basic Considerations 65 // 2.3 Gravitational Sedimentation 67 // 2.4 Centrifugal Sedimentation 74 // 2.5 Diffusion 78 // 2.6 Brownian Motion and Diffusion 85 // 2.7 The Random Coil and Random Walk Statistics 94 // 2.8 Equilibrium Between Sedimentation and Diffusion 98 // Review Questions 101 // References 101 // Problems 102 // 3. Solution Thermodynamics: Osmotic and Donnan Equilibria 105 // 3.1 Introduction 105 // 3.2 Osmotic Pressure: Thermodynamic Foundations 108 // 3.3 Osmometry: Some Applications 114 // 3.4 Statistical Foundations of Solution Thermodynamics 120 // 3.5 Osmotic Equilibrium in Charged Systems 132 // 3.6 Some Applications of Osmotic Phenomena 139 // Review Questions 140 // References 141 // Problems 142 // 4. The Rheology of Dispersions 145 // 4.1 Introduction 145 // 4.2 Newton’s Law of Viscosity 148 // 4.3 Concentric-Cylinder and Cone-and-Plate Viscometers 150 // 4.4 The Poiseuille Equation and Capillary Viscometers 154 // 4.5 The Equation of Motion: The Navier-Stokes Equation 158 // 4.6 Einstein’s Theory of Viscosity of Dispersions 161 // 4.7 Deviations from the Einstein Model 168 // 4.8 Non-Newtonian Behavior 174 // 4.9 Viscosity of Polymer Solutions 181 //

Review Questions 188 // References 188 // Problems 189 // 5. Static and Dynamic Light Scattering and Other Radiation Scattering 193 // 5.1 Introduction 193 // 5.2 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 196 // 5.3 Scattering by Small Particles: Theory of Rayleigh Scattering 202 // 5.4 Experimental Aspects of Light Scattering 207 // 5.5 Extension to Larger Particles and to Intraparticle Interference Effects 213 // 5.6 Interference Effects and Structure of Particles 223 // 5.7 Scattering by Large, Absorbing Particles 229 // 5.8 Dynamic Light Scattering 236 // Review Questions 242 // References 243 // Problems 244 // 6. Surface Tension and Contact Angle: Application to Pure Substances 248 // 6.1 Introduction // 6.2 Surface Tension and Contact Angle: A First Look // 6.3 Thermodynamics of Surfaces: Surface Tension as Surface Free Energy // 6.4 Surface Tension: Implications for Curved Interfaces and Capillarity // 6.5 Effects of Curved Interfaces on Phase Equilibria and Nucleation: // The Kelvin Equation // 6.6 Surface Tension and Contact Angle: Their Relation to Wetting and Spreading Phenomena // 6.7 Contact Angles: Some Complications // 6.8 Measuring Surface Tension and Contact Angle: Round Two // 6.9 Contact of Liquids with Porous Solids and Powders // 6.10 Molecular Interpretation of Surface Tension Review Questions References Problems // 7. Adsorption from Solution and Monolayer Formation // 7.1 Introduction // 7.2 Insoluble Monolayers: Spreading of Surfactants on Aqueous Surfaces // 7.3 Experimental Measurement of Film Pressure 304 // 7.4 Results of Film Balance Studies 308 // 7.5 Viscous Behavior of Two-Dimensional Phases 318 // 7.6 Applications of Monolayers and Monolayer Concepts 320 // 7.7 Adsorption from Solution: Thermodynamics 323 // 7.8 The Gibbs Equation: Experimental Results 327 // 7.9 Adsorption on Solid Surfaces 331 //

7.10 Applications of Adsorption from Solution 338 // 7.11 Adsorption in the Presence of an Applied Potential 343 // Review Questions 348 // References 348 // Problems 349 // 8. Colloidal Structures in Surfactant Solutions: Association Colloids 355 // 8.1 Introduction 355 // 8.2 Surfactants in Solution: Experimental Observations and Models 357 // 8.3 Structure of Micelles 362 // 8.4 Molecular Architecture of Surfactants, Packing Considerations, // and Shapes of Micelles 367 // 8.5 Critical Micelle Concentration and the Thermodynamics of Micellization 370 // 8.6 Solubilization 375 // 8.7 Catalysis by Micelles 380 // 8.8 Reverse Micelles 386 // 8.9 Emulsions and Microemulsions 389 // 8.10 Some Applications of Microemulsions 392 // 8.11 Biological Membranes 395 // Review Questions 398 // References 399 // Problems 399 // 9. Adsorption at Gas-Solid Interfaces 405 // 9.1 Introduction 405 // 9.2 Experimental and Theoretical Treatments of Adsorption: An Overview 409 // 9.3 Thermodynamics of Adsorption: Phenomenological Perspective 413 // 9.4 Thermodynamics of Adsorption: A Statistical Perspective 419 // 9.5 Multilayer Adsorption: The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Equation 425 // 9.6 Energetics of Adsorption 433 // 9.7 Adsorption in Porous Solids 436 // 9.8 Adsorption on Crystal Surfaces 439 // 9.9 Metal Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis 451 // Review Questions 455 // References 456 // Problems 456 // 10. van der Waals Forces 462 // 10.1 Introduction 462 // 10.2 van der Waals Forces and Their Importance in Colloid and // Surface Chemistry 464 // 10.3 Molecular Interactions and Power Laws 467 // 10.4 Molecular Origins and the Macroscopic Implications of // van der Waals Forces 471 // 10.5 van der Waals Forces Between Large Particles and Over Large Distances 479 // 10.6 Calculating van der Waals Forces Between Macroscopic Bodies 483 // 10.7 Theories of van der Waals Forces Based on Bulk Properties 486 //

10.8 Effect of the Medium on the van der Waals Attraction 490 // Review Questions 495 // References 495 // Problems 496 // 11. The Electrical Double Layer and Double-Layer Interactions 499 // 11.1 Introduction 499 // 11.2 Surface Charges and Electrical Double Layer: Background 502 // 11.3 The Capacitor Model of the Double Layer 504 // 11.4 The Diffuse Double Layer: The Debye-Hiickel Approximation 508 // 11.5 The Debye-Hiickel Approximation: Results 512 // 11.6 The Electrical Double Layer: Gouy-Chapman Theory 516 // 11.7 Overlapping Double Layers and Interparticle Repulsion 520 // 11.8 “Not-Quite-Indifferent” Electrolytes: Stern Adsorption 527 // Review Questions 530 // References 530 // Problems 531 // 12. Electrophoresis and Other Electrokinetic Phenomena 534 // 12.1 Introduction 534 // 12.2 Mobilities of Small Ions and Macroions in Electric Fields: A Comparison 536 // 12.3 Zeta Potential: Thick Electrical Double Layers 538 // 12.4 Zeta Potential: Thin Electrical Double Layers 544 // 12.5 Zeta Potential: General Theory for Spherical Particles 546 // 12.6 Electroosmosis 550 // 12.7 Streaming Potential 553 // 12.8 The Surface of Shear and Viscoelectric Effect 555 // 12.9 Experimental Aspects of Electrophoresis 559 // 12.10 Determining the Surface Charge from Electrokinetic Measurements 565 // 12.11 Applications of Electrokinetic Phenomena 567 // Review Questions 570 // References 570 // Problems 571 // 13. Electrostatic and Polymer-Induced Colloid Stability 575 // 13.1 Introduction 575 // 13.2 Interparticle Forces and the Structure and Stability of Dispersions 578 // 13.3 The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek Theory of Colloid Stability 585 //

13.4 Theory of Coagulation in Dilute Dispersions 592 // 13.5 Polymer-Colloid Mixtures: A Phenomenological Perspective 604 // 13.6 Polymer-Induced Forces 610 // 13.7 Steric Stabilization: A Model for the Initial Encounter 614 // Review Questions 619 // References 620 // Problems 621 // Appendix A: Examples of Expansions Encountered in This Book 625 // Reference 625 // Appendix B: Units: CGS-SI Interconversions 626 // References 626 // Appendix C: Statistics of Discrete and Continuous Distributions of Data 631 // C.1 Introduction 631 // C.2 Discrete Distributions 631 // C.3 Theoretical Distribution Functions 634 // References 637 // Appendix D: List of Worked-Out Examples 638 // Index 641