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0 (hodnocen0 x )

(20.5) Půjčeno:41x 

BK

2nd ed.

Harlow : Pearson Education, 2001

xvi,406 s. : il.

ISBN 0-582-32861-6 (brož.)

Learning about language

Obsahuje ilustrace, předmluvy, dodatky, glosář, rejstřík, údaje o autorce

Bibliografie: s. 381-395

Sociolingvistika - příručky

000042122

Contents // Preface to Second Edition x Preface to First Edition xi Author’s Acknowledgements xiii Publisher’s Acknowledgements xiv // 1. What do sociolinguists study? 1 // What is a sociolinguist? 1 // Why do we say the same thing in different ways? 2 What are the different ways we say things? 4 Social factors, dimensions and explanations 8 // Section I: Multilingual Speech Communities // 2. Language choice in multilingual communities 19 // Choosing your variety or code 19 Diglossia 27 // Code-switching or code-mixing 34 // 3. Language maintenance and shift 51 // Language shift in different communities 51 Language death and language loss 56 Factors contributing to language shift 58 How can a minority language be maintained? 63 Language revival 65 // 4. Linguistic varieties and multilingual nations 73 // Vernacular languages 74 Standard languages 75 Lingua francas 78 Pidgins and creoles 81 // 5. National languages and language planning 95 // National and official languages 96 Planning for a national official language 102 Developing a standard variety in Norway 106 The linguist’s role in language planning 109 // Contents // Section II: Language Variation: Focus on Users // 6. Regional and social dialects 123 // Regional variation 124 Social variation 130 Social dialects 132 // 7. Gender and age 150 // Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities 150 // Gender-preferential speech features: social dialect research 153 // Gender and social class 153 // Explanations

of women’s linguistic behaviour 157 // Age-graded features of speech 166 // Age and social dialect data 168 // Age grading and language change 170 // 8. Ethnicity and social networks 175 // Ethnicity 175 Social networks 183 // 9. Language change 194 // Variation and change 195 1 // How do changes spread? 200 How do we study language change? 205 Reasons for language change 208 // Section III: Language Variation: Focus on Uses // 10. Style, context and register 223 // Addressee as an influence on style 224 Accommodation theory 230 Context, style and class 234 Style in non-Western societies 242 Register 246 // 11. Speech functions, politeness and cross-cultural communication 258 // The functions of speech 258 Politeness and address forms 267 Linguistic politeness in different cultures 274 // viji // 12. Gender, politeness and stereotypes 284 // Women’s language and confidence 284 Interaction 293 Gossip 298 // The construction of gender 303 Sexist language 305 // 13. Language, cognition and culture 317 // Language and perception 318 Whorf 323 // Linguistic categories and culture 328 Discourse patterns and culture 331 Language, social class, and cognition 334 // 14. Attitudes and applications 342 // Attitudes to language 342 Sociolinguistics and education 354 // 15. Conclusion 366 // Sociolinguistic competence 366 Dimensions of sociolinguistic analysis 373 Sociolinguistic universals 376 // References 381 // Appendix: phonetic symbols 396 Glossary 398 Index 400