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0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

3rd ed.

London : Kluwer Law International, 1998

cxlvi, 1447 s.

ISBN 90-411-9667-6 (váz.)

Obsahuje rejstřík

Právo - Evropská unie - příručky

000042595

Foreword v // Preface ix // Table of Cases (Court of Justice of the European Communities and Court of First Instance of the European Communities) xxxiv // Table of Cases (other jurisdictions) xc // Table of Treaties xciv // Table of Equivalences (renumbering by the Treaty of Amsterdam) cxxxv // CHAPTER I // The genesis of the European Communities and the accession of other European countries 1 // 1. Background to the Schuman Plan 1 // 1.1 The power vacuum in Europe and the tendency towards // European integration 2 // 1.2 The problem of Franco-German relations and the // commitment of the German Federal Republic to Western Europe 4 // 1.3 Economic considerations 6 // 2. The ECSC Treaty of 18 April 1951 7 // 3. The failure of plans for a European Defence Community // (EDC) and a European Political Community (EPC) 9 // 3.1 Background and contents of these plans 9 // 3.2 Failure of these plans and ’relance européenne’ 12 // Contents // xii // 4. The Spaak Report and the conclusion of the Treaties establishing // the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) 14 // 4.1 The contents of the Spaak Report 14 // 4.2 The conclusion of the EEC and Euratom Treaties 16 // 5. The Communities, the United Kingdom, and enlargement to // include other democratic European countries 17 // 6. European Political Cooperation (EPC); the European Council and European Union, the Single European Act and the Treaty on European Union and beyond to the Treaty of Amsterdam 27 // 6.1 EPC and the European Council 27 // 6.2 The Single European Act (1986) 33 // 6.3 The Treaty of European Union (1996) 35 // 6.4 The approach to the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) 40 // CHAPTER II // General aspects of the European Communities and the European Union 45 // 1. The European Union 45 // 1.1 Introduction and background 45 // 1.2 A hitchhiker’s guide to the European under the TEU 46 //

1.3 The supplementary policies and forms of cooperation: CFSP and JHA 55 // 1.4 Concluding observations 68 // 2. Diversity and unity of the Communities and Community Law 68 // 2.1 Diversity in structure between the three Treaties 68 // 2.2 Common features of the three Treaties 73 // 3. Nature and effect of Community law 77 // 3.1 Nature of Community law 77 // 3.2 The Community legal order 80 // 3.3 Effect of Community law in the internal legal sphere 82 // 4. Scope and revision of the Treaties 89 // 4.1 Territorial scope of application, the Association system of Part IV of the EC Treaty, and Accession to the European Union 89 // 4.2 Scope of application ratione temporis, revision 95 // 5. Legal personality, privileges and immunities, seat of the Institutions and linguistic regime of the Union and the Communities 97 // 5.1 Legal personality 97 // 5.2 Privileges and immunities 101 // 5.3 Seat of the institutions 103 // 5.4 Linguistic régime 105 // CHAPTER III // The basic principles of the European Community, and citizenship of the European Union 109 // 1. The structure of substantive Community law 109 // 1.1 Content and structure 109 // 1.2 The new Articles 2, 3 and 3a EC and their inter-relationship 113 // 1.2.1 The objectives of the European Community 113 // 1.2.2 The means of achieving these objectives 114 // 2. The link between the principal means specified in Article 2 EC and Articles 3 and 3 a EC 117 // 2.1 The link between Articles 2 and 3 EC 117 // 2.2 The link between Articles 2 and 3a EC 118 // 3. The means for achieving the objectives of Article 2 EC 121 // 3.1 The means 121 // 3.2 The first principal means: the establishment of a common market 122 // 3.3 The second principal means: the establishment of an economic and monetary union 124 // 3.4 Policy regulation (steering mechanisms) in Article 3 EC 125 //

3.5 The relationship between the establishment of a common market, the establishment of an economic and monetary union, and the policy regulation mechanisms set out in Article 3 EC 126 // // 4. The timetable for the establishment of the common market 132 // 5. The fundamental principles of Articles 3b, 5 and 6 EC 135 // 5.1 The principles of solidarity and proportionality 135 // 5.2 The principle of Community loyalty (or solidarity) 148 // 5.3 The prohibition of discrimination on grounds of nationality: Article 6 EC 163 // 6. Citizenship of the Union: the new Part Two of the EC Treaty 174 // 6.1 The concept of ‘citizenship of the Union’ 174 // 6.2 The four special rights conferred by citizenship of the Union 176 // 6.3 The possibility of expanding the rights conferred by // Articles 8a-8d EC 179 // CHAPTER IV // Institutional structure 181 // 1. Introduction 181 // 2. European Council 182 // 2.1 Establishment and composition 182 // 2.2 Tasks and powers 183 // 3. The Council of the European Union 186 // 3.1 Name, composition and character 186 // 3.2 Tasks 190 // 3.3 Voting requirements 191 // 3.4 The Committee of Permanent Representatives (Coreper) 193 // 4. The Commission of the European Communities 195 // 4.1 Composition and character of the Commission 195 // 4.2 Internal organization 201 // 4.3 The Commission’s tasks 202 // 5. European Parliament 209 // 5.1 Composition and character of the Parliament 209 // 5.2 Powers and duties 217 // 5.3 The Parliament and the Court of Justice 229 // 6. Scope of decision-making powers 233 // 6.1 Principle of attributed powers 233 // 6.2 Filling in the lacunae in the system of powers: Article 235 EC 235 // 6.3 Application of the theory of implied powers 240 // 6.4 Delegation of powers 242 // 7. The Court of Justice 249 // 7.1 One Institution, two bodies 249 // 7.2 The Court of Justice 249 // 7.3 The Court of First Instance 265 //

7.4 Interim measures 271 // 7.5 Application of the law 275 // 7.6 Role of the Court in the process of integration 288 // 8. The Court of Auditors 292 // 9. Independent Community organs 294 // 9.1 The European Investment Bank 294 // 9.2 The European Monetary Institute, European Central Bank, and European System of Central Banks ? 296 // 9.3 Other independent Community bodies 299 // 10. Subsidiary bodies 3qq // 10.1 The Consultative Committee of the ECSCj the Economic and Social Committee of the EC and Euratom 300 // 10.2 The Committee of the Regions 302 // 10.3 Other Committees 303 // 10.4 Community staff 305 // 11. Concluding observations // 11.1 The distinction between Institutions and other bodies 310 // 11.2 The Agreement on Social Policy 311 // CHAPTER V // Policy-making and administration 315 // 1. Legal instruments 315 // 1.1 Acts of the Institutions in general 320 // 1.2 Regulations 324 // 1.3 Directives 326 // 1.4 Decisions 332 // 1.5 Statement of reasons, publication, entry into force and enforcement 335 // 1.6 Acts of the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council 340 // 2. Finances 344 // 2.1 The budget of the European Communities 344 // 2.2 Legal aspects 365 // 3. Decision-making procedure 389 // 3.1 Decisions of the Commission and ‘comitology’ 390 // 3.2 Decisions of the Council: voting requirements 399 // 3.3 Decision-making in the Council; the function of the Commission; the Committee of Permanent Representatives (Coreper) 408 // 3.4 Decisions of the Council: the influence of the European Parliament 418 // CHAPTER VI // Administration of Justice 447 // 1. The Court of Justice 447 // 1.1 Supervision of the acts of Member States: actions for infringement of the Treaty 448 // 1.2 Supervision of the acts of the Institutions: action for annulment; action against failure to act 460 //

1.3 Supervision of the acts of the Institutions: the restricted right of action by private parties; the plea of illegality and actions for damages 471 // 2. The Court of Justice and national courts 498 // 2.1 Cooperation between the Court of Justice and national courts: preliminary rulings 499 // 2.2 National courts and Community law 525 // 2.3 National courts: Community law and national law 551 // CHAPTER VII // The establishment of the internal market: the freedoms 575 // 1. Introduction 575 // 1.1 The achievement of the internal market 576 // 1.2 The incomplete internal market 581 // 1.3 The concept of freedom 584 // 1.4 Types of barriers to free movement 586 // 1.5 External aspects of the internal market 586 // 1.6 Main themes of this Chapter 587 // 1.7 Plan of this Chapter and its place in the scheme of this work 589 // 2. Free movement of goods: tariff barriers and fiscal barriers 590 // 2.1 The concept of goods 590 // 2.2 The customs union as the foundation of the Community 592 // 2.3 The origin of goods 593 // 2.4 Intra-Community customs duties and charges having equivalent effect 594 // 2.5 Fiscal barriers: national taxation and harmonization 600 // 2.6 Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect in relation to third countries 615 // 2.7 Community customs legislation 618 // 3. Free movement of goods: non-tariff aspects 620 // 3.1 Quantitative restrictions 623 // 3.2 Measures having equivalent effect 624 // 3.3 Measures having equivalent effect: the exceptions 651 // 3.4 State trading monopolies 684 // 3.5 Third countries 688 // 3.6 Common regulatory measures 689 // 4. Free movement of persons and citizenship of the Union 691 // 4.1 From the exercise of economic activities to a general right of residence 693 // 4.2 Free movement of persons within the internal market 695 // 4.3 Free movement of persons and the Schengen Agreement 696 //

4.4 Movement of persons at the Community’s external frontiers 698 // 4.5 Rights and obligations of persons 699 // 5. Free Movement of workers 701 // 5.1 The concept of a worker and Articles 48-51 EC 701 // 5.2 Migration rights (exit, entry and residence) 705 // 5.3 Rights of market access 715 // 5.4 The scheme of social security 725 // 6. The right of establishment 730 // 6.1 The concept of establishment 731 // 6.2 Beneficiaries of the right of establishment 732 // 6.3 The scope of the right of establishment 735 // 6.4 Migration rights (exit, entry and residence) 735 // 6.5 The primary scope of the right of establishment 736 // 6.6 Secondary scope of the right of establishment 742 // 6.7 Harmonization of company law 745 // 7. Freedom to provide services 748 // 7.1 The concept of a service 749 // 7.2 Beneficiaries of the freedom to provide services 751 // 7.3 Migration rights (exit, entry and residence) 753 // 7.4 Market access rules 753 // 7.5 Service monopolies and Article 90 EC 761 // 7.6 Harmonization and freedom to provide services 762 // 8. Free movement of payments and capital 765 // 8.1 The beneficiaries 766 // 8.2 The rule: prohibition of restrictions on movement 767 // 8.3 The exceptions to the prohibition 768 // CHAPTER VIII // The competition policy of the European Community 773 // 1. Introduction 773 // 2. Harmonization of laws 774 // 2.1 Functions of harmonization 774 // 2.2 Articles 100, 100a and 100b 779 // 2.3 Specific harmonization provisions 783 // 2.4 Article 100a and the other harmonization provisions 784 // 2.5 Character and contents of harmonization under Articles 100 and 100a EC 787 // 2.6 Methods of harmonization and scope of directives 792 // 2.7 The present state of harmonization of laws 794 // 3. Distortion of conditions of competition 802 // 3.1 Articles 101 and 102 EC 802 // 3.2 Articles 92-94 EC: state aids 811 //

4. Competition rules for undertakings 836 // 4.1 General observations 836 // 4.2 Article 85(1) EC 845 // 4.3 Divergent rules for agriculture and transport 891 // 4.4 Article 86 EC 892 // of Article 86 EC in practice 897 // 4.5 Merger control 901 // 4.6 Judicial protection in the application of the competition provisions 913 // 4.7 Public undertakings: Article 90 EC 928 // CHAPTER IX // Economic, monetary and social policy 941 // 1. Introduction 941 // 1.1 The link between negative and positive integration 941 // 1.2 Market integration and monetary policy integration 943 // 1.3 Market integration and economic policy integration 944 // 1.4 Market integration and social policy integration 946 // 1.5 Forms of coordination in monetary, economic and // social policy integration 947 // 2. The history of Economic and Monetary Union 951 // 3. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) 960 // 3.1 EMU as structured after the TEU 960 // 3.2 Economic union: Articles 102a-104c EC 963 // 3.3 Monetary union 984 // 4. Employment: Title Via 1015 // 4.1 Between Maastricht and Amsterdam 1015 // 4.2 Coordination of employment policy 1017 // 5. Economic and social cohesion 1021 // 5.1 Orientation and description of the concept 1021 // 5.2 Legal basis 1025 // 5.3 The development of economic and social cohesion 1032 // 5.4 The European Investment Bank (EIB) 1041 // 6. Social policy 1044 // 6.1 Orientation and history 1044 // 6.2 The new Articles 117-120 EC; Articles 121-122 and 126-127 EC 1055 // 6.3 The future of social policy integration 1080 // Contents xxiii // CHAPTER X // Horizontal and flanking policies 1083 // 1. The place of horizontal and flanking policies in the EC Treaty 1083 // 2. Common characteristics of the horizontal and flanking policies 1084 // 3. Environmental policy 1086 // 3.1 Legal basis of EC environmental policy 1086 // 3.2 European Community environmental policy: legislation 1095 //

4. Consumer protection 1103 // 4.1 Treaty bases for consumer policy 1104 // 4.2 EC consumer policy 1107 // 5. Public health 1109 // 6. Culture 1112 // 7. Education 1114 // 8. Other horizontal and flanking policies 1117 // 8.1 Tourism 1117 // 8.2 Civil protection 1118 // 8.3 Sport 1118 // 8.4 Youth and senior citizens 1119 // 8.5 Town and country planning 1119 // 8.6 Media policy 1120 // CHAPTER XI // Sectoral policies 1123 // 1. General observations 1123 // 2. Agriculture and fisheries 1128 // 2.1 The nature of the agricultural problems 1128 // 2.2 The Agriculture Title in the EC Treaty 1131 // 2.3 Market and price policy 1143 // 2.4 Structural policy in agriculture 1157 // 2.5 Fisheries 1159 // 2.6 The general significance of agricultural law for integration 1165 // 2.7 Some characteristics of Community agricultural administrative law 1169 // 3. Transport policy 1172 // 3.1 Introduction 1172 // 3.2 The relationship between the general principles of the EC /Treaty and the special provisions of the transport Title 1176 // 3.3 External relations in the transport field: general observations 1178 // 3.4 Competition in the transport sector: general observations 1180 // 3.5 The Treaty provisions on transport 1181 // 3.6 Inland transport: general observations 1184 // 3.7 Road transport 1187 // 3.8 Carriage of passengers by road 1192 // 3.9 Rail transport 1193 // 3.10 Inland waterway transport 1194 // 3.11 Maritime transport 1196 // 3.12 Air transport 1202 // 3.13 Infrastructure and combined transport 1206 // 4. The European Coal and Steel Community 1207 // 4.1 Objectives and the system of coordination 1207 // 4.2 The principles of market economy 1208 // 4.3 The powers of intervention 1213 // 5. The European Atomic Energy Community 1217 // 5.1 Aims and means 1217 // 5.2 Research 1220 // 5.3 Dissemination of knowledge 1222 // 5.4 Health protection 1223 //

5.5 Safety control 1223 // 5.6 Investments 1224 // 5.7 Joint Undertakings 1225 // 5.8 Supply of ores, source materials and special fissile materials 1226 // 5.9 The regulation of the right of ownership of special fissile materials 1227 // 5.10 The common market in the field of nuclear energy 1228 // 5.11 External relations under the Euratom Treaty 1229 // 6. Energy policy 1230 // 6.1 Introduction 1230 // 6.2 Energy policy prior to 1988: a brief overview 1231 // 6.3 Energy policy since 1988 1232 // 6.4 State aids 1239 // 7. Industrial policy, research and technological development, and trans-European networks 1240 // 7.1 Introduction 1240 // 7.2 Industrial policy 1241 // 7.3 Research and technological development 1245 // 7.4 Trans-European networks 1250 // CHAPTER XII // External relations 1253 // 1. Introduction 1253 // 2. External competence of the European Union 1256 // 2.1 Express and implied competence of the European // Community 1256 // 2.2 When is external competence exclusive? 1259 // 2.3 Mixed agreements 1262 // 2.4 Membership of international organizations 1264 // 2.5 Exercise of external competence 1265 // 2.6 Common Foreign and Security Policy 1272 // 3. The common commercial policy 1275 // 3.1 The commercial policy competence of the Community 1275 // 3.2 Principles and development of the common commercial policy 1284 // 3.2.1 GATT/WTO rules and the generalized preferences (GSP) 1284 // 3.2.2 The completion of the internal market and the // common commercial policy 1290 // 3.3 Commercial policy agreements 1295 // 4. The system of Community agreements 1328 // 4.1 The system viewed geographically 1328 // 4.2 Agreements based on Article 238 EC 1330 // 4.3 Other cooperation agreements 1340 // 4.4 The system of agreements viewed by sectors 1345 // EPILOGUE 1353 // The horizon 2000 // 1. Introduction 1353 //

2. Economic and social cohesion and allied problem areas 1355 // 3. The new objective of sustainable growth 1356 // 4. Economic and Monetary Union 1358 // 5. The external stance of the European Union as regards third countries and international organizations 1359 // 5.1 External aspects of Community policy areas 1359 // 5.2 The external stance of the Community 1360 // 5.3 The necessary reform of the Second Pillar 1366 // 6. Reform of the Third Pillar 1368 // 7. The necessary institutional revision 1369 // 7.1 The different existing conceptions 1369 // 7.2 Some possibilities for making the institutional structure more effective 1374 // 7.3 The problem of transparency 1380 // 7.4 The preparation of the 1996 IGC 1381 // 8. The perspectives after Amsterdam 1382 // 8.1 Introduction 1382 // 8.2 Economic and social cohesion and some allied problem areas 1385 // 8.3 The new objective of sustainable growth 1386 // 8.4 Economic and Monetary Union 1387 // 8.5 The external stance of the Union as regards third countries and international organizations 1387 // 8.6 Reform of the Third Pillar 1392 // 8.7 The necessary institutional revision 1396 // Index 1403