.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

New York : McGraw-Hill, 1986

ISBN 0-07-017534-9

000043086

Rekat.

CONTENTS // PREFACE xiii // PART 1 ETHICAL THEORY // Introduction 1 // Conventional Morality 11 // THE MYTH OF THE CAVE 11 // Plato // A DEFENSE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM 17 // William Graham Sumner // A CRITIQUE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM 23 // Carl Wellman // Moral Psychology 32 // MAN S SELF-INTERESTED NATURE 32 // Thomas Hobbes // MORAL DEVELOPMENT: A MODERN STATEMENT // OF THE PLATONIC VIEW 36 // Lawrence Kohlberg // Basic Approaches to Ethical Theory 45 // NICOMACHEAN ETHICS 45 // Aristotle X // 54 // FOUNDATIONS OF THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS Immanuel Kant // vii // X // viii CONTENTS // PART 2 // UTILITARIANISM // John Stuart Mill // Justice ___-—" // DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE // John Rawls // JUSTICE AS ENTITLEMENT // Robert Nozick // MORALITY AND THE LIBERAL IDEAL // Michael J. Sandel • // Morality and the Law // MORALITY AND THE CRIMINAL LAW // Patrick Devlin // IMMORALITY AND TREASON // H.L.A. Hart . // CENSORSHIP AND SEXUAL ETHICS // Introduction // Case Study: // PARIS ADULT THEATRE I. V. SLATON // DEMOCRACY. CENSORSHIP. AND THE ARTS // Walter Berns // PORNOGRAPHY AND RESPECT FOR WOMEN // Ann Garry // FREEDOM AND THE OFFENSE PRINCIPLE // Joel Feinberg // NATURAL LAW AND UNNATURAL ACTS // John M. Finnis // HOMOSEXUALITY AND NATURAL LAW // Burton Leiser // CONTENTS iX // PART 3 PREJUDICE AND EQUALITY // Introduction 161 // Case Study: 165 // FREIDA MAE JONES // THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT 169 // STATEMENT ON THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT 169 // U. S. Commission on Civil Rights

THE INEVITABILITY OF PATRIARCHY 172 // Steven Goldberg // ON BEING A WOMAN 177 // Simone de Beauvoir . // SEXUAL BLINDNESS AND SEXUAL EQUALITY 181 // Bernard Boxili // REVERSE DISCRIMINATION AS UNJUSTIFIED 190 // Lisa Newton // A DEFENSE OF PROGRAMS OF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT 194 // Richard Wasserstrom // PART 4 ABORTION ’ // Introduction / 201 // Case Studies: 205 // SUSAN CRENSHAW KIMBERLY WILSON SARAH FEINBERG DIANA LUDLOW // AKRON CENTER FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH // V. CITY OF AKRON 208 // AN ALMOST ABSOLUTE VALUE IN HISTORY 215 // John T. Noonan, Jr. // ABORTION AND INFANTICIDE Michael Tooley // 220 // X CONTENTS // A THIRD WAY 231 // Wayne  Sumner . // ABORTION AND THE CONCEPT OF A PERSON 248 // Jane English // PART 5 EUTHANASIA // Introduction 259 // Case Studies: 262 // DONALD COWART TYSON FAULKS // SUMMARY: SUPERINTENDENT OF BELCHERTOWN // STATE SCHOOL V. SAIKEWICZ 264 // SOME NONRELIGIOUS VIEWS AGAINST PROPOSED "MERCY-KILLING" LEGISLATION 264 // Yale Kamisar . // "MERCY-KILLING" LEGISLATION—A REJOINDER 277 // Glanville Williams // ACTIVE AND PASSIVE EUTHANASIA 284 // James Rachels // EUTHANASIA 290 // Philippa Foot / // PART 6 PUNISHMENT AND THE DEATH PENALTY // Introduction . 307 // Case Study: 313 // GREGG V. GEORGIA (1976) • // THE CRIME OF PUNISHMENT 320 // Karl Menninger // THE PROBLEM WITH REHABILITATION 330 // American Friends Service Committee // JUSTIFYING PUNISHMENT 339 // R.S. Downie // CONTENTS Xi // THE RIGHT TO PUNISH 346 // Immanuel Kant // THE DEATH

SENTENCE 348 // Sidney Hook // CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 35O // Hugo Adam Bedau // PART 7 ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITIES: ’ // CORPORATE AND SOCIAL // Introduction . 383 // Case Study: 387 // PLASMA INTERNATIONAL // THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IS // TO INCREASE ITS PROFITS 369 // Milton Friedman . “ // CAN A CORPORATION HAVE A CONSCIENCE? 374 // Kenneth E. Goodpaster and John B. Matthews, Jr. // THE NEW PROPERTY 388 // George C. Lodge // THE CASE AGAINST HELPING THE POOR 395 // Garrett Hardin // RICH AND POOR 404 // Peter Singer , // BASIC RIGHTS . 412 // Henry Shue // PART 8 NUCLEAR WAR // Introduction 421 // Case Study: 423 // THE FREEZE REFERENDUM // A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ARMS RACE Solly Zuckerman // 425 // xii CONTENTS // SCIENTISTS DESCRIBE "NUCLEAR WINTER" 431 // Constance Holden // A RATIONAL APPROACH TO DISARMAMENT 433 // Caspar W. Weinberger // NUCLEAR DETERRENCE AND SELF-DEFENSE 439 // Thomas Donaldson // A CONTRACTUAL DEFENSE OF NUCLEAR DETERRENCE 450 // Christopher Morris // THE CHALLENGE OF PEACE: GOD’S PROMISE // AND OUR RESPONSE 461 // APPENDIX: THE HUMAN LIFE BILL // 473