a student grammar (@@20121009-19:05:22@@) -- 

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(14.3) Půjčeno:143x 

BK

Vyd. 1.

Ostrava : Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě, 2004

109 s.

ISBN 80-7368-019-X (brož.)

Obsahuje předmluvu

Bibliografie: s. 8-11

Angličtina - skladba - učebnice vysokošk.

000052092

Lecture topics (identical to oral exam topics) // and basic references // Topic 1 - General introduction (p. 10) // • Grammarians and grammars // • Prescriptive and descriptive grammars // • The relation of morphology and syntax in English // • Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations // Topic 2 - Sentence and sentence elements (p. 16) // • Multiple sentences: compound and complex sentences // • Complex sentence and clause // • Sentence or clause elements: Subject, Verb, Object, // Complement, Adverbial // • Object versus Adverbial in English // Topic 3 - Noun Phrase (NP) (p. 18) // • Basic noun phrase // • Determinatives: determiners, predeterminers, postdeterminers // • Head // • Complex noun phrase // • Modifiers: premodifiers and postmodifiers // • The term “attribute” // • Prepositional noun phrase and other types of phrase // • The place of noun phrases and other phrases in the syntactic analysis // Topic 4 - Verb Phrase (VP) (p.24) // • Verb and the type of clause (verb pattern, clause pattern) // • Verb classes: copulas, transitives, intransitives // • Copulative verbs (linking verbs) - copulas // • Transitive verbs: monotransitives, ditransitives, complex transitives // • Intransitive verbs // • Transitivity versus intransitivity of verbs in English and in Czech // 4 // Topic 5 -Tense, aspect and mood (p. 30) // • Tense and aspect // • Mood in Czech and mood in English // • Sequence of tenses // • Broad (intentional)

and narrow modality // • Narrow modality in English // Topic 6 - Broad (intentional) modality (p. 37) // • Formal and functional view (M.A.K. Halliday) // • Questions: yes-no questions (also negative yes-no questions), tag questions, wh-questions // • Minor types of question: alternative, nonfinite, verbless, elided, declarative, exclamatory, rhetorical // • Commands (directives): without subject, with subject, with let, negative commands, with modal verbs, verbless // • Exclamations (exclamatives) // Topic 7 - Negation (p. 42) // • Clause negation and partial negation (clause member negation) // • Ambiguities // • Words with negative meaning // • Neutral character of the English verb // Topic 8 - Word order in statements (p. 44) // • Basic word order // • Optional Adverbials // • Verb-Subject order // • Word order of Objects // • Word order of Adverbials // • Statement tags and short answers // • The passive voice transformation // • Unmarked and marked word order in Czech and in English // 5 // Topic 9 - Clause elements and cohesion (p.50) // • Clause elements concord of number, person, and gender // • Cohesion: reference, elision, substitution, and repetition // • Pro-forms (substitutions) // • Ellipses (elisions) // Topic 10 - Coordination and subordination (p. 55) // • Coordination (parataxis) // • Subordination (hypotaxis) // • Syntactic roles of subordinate clauses (subject, subject compě., object, object compě., and adverbial

clauses; relative clauses) // Topic 11 - Finite, nonfinite, and verbless clauses (p. 58) // • Finite clauses (the issue of the finite verb-form in English) // • Nonfmite clauses: /?-infinitive clauses, bare infinitive clauses, -ing clauses, -ed clauses // • Direct Object and nonfmite clauses (fo-infinitive, bare infinitive, -ing and -ed clauses) // • Verbless clauses // Topic 12 - Relative clauses (p. 64) // • Restrictive (defining) relative clauses - no commas // • Non-restrictive (non-defining) relative clauses // • Coordination and apposition // • Appositive relative clauses // • Nominal “relative” clauses // • Sentential relative clauses // Topic 13 - Adverbial clauses (I) (p. 68) // • Clauses of time // • Clauses of place _ // • Clauses of cause and reason // • Clauses of purpose (purpose clauses or final clauses): with the same subject, with a different subject // • Result clauses (consequence clauses) // 6 // Topic 14 - Adverbial clauses (TO (p. 70) // • Conditional clauses and their conjunctions // • Real (open) condition (in the future, at present, and in the past) // • Unreal (hypothetical) condition (at present and in the past) // • The basic use of tenses in complex sentences containing conditional clauses // • Subject-Verb inversion in conditional clauses // • Nonfmite conditional clauses // • Rhetorical conditional clauses // Topic 15 - Adverbial clauses (HI) (p. 73) // • Concessive clauses // • Clauses of contrast

// • Clauses of similarity and comparison // • Clauses of proportion and clauses of preference // • Clauses of exception // • Comment clauses (parentheses) // Topic 16 - Punctuation (p. 76) // • Heavy and light punctuators in English // • Comma in English and in Czech // • Semicolon, colon, full stop (period) // • Exclamation mark (exclamation point), question mark // • Dash versus hyphen (graphic difference, difference in use) // • Apostrophe // • Inverted commas (quotation marks) in English and in Czech // • Rround brackets (parentheses), square brackets // • Slash (virgule) // Topic 17- Generative and Transformational Grammar (p. 82) // • Noam Chomsky and his algorithmic idea: S —> NP+VP // • Sentence generation from a set of rewriting rules // • Sentence as a tree diagram: nodes and branches // • Transformations // • Surface structure and deep structure // 7 // Topic 18 - Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) (p. 86) // • The Prague Linguistics Circle (1926-1953) - functional approach // • Vilém Mathesius (1882-1945) and his “aktuální clenení” // • Jan Firbas (1921-2000) - Functional sentence perspective (FSP) // • Bipartition, tripartition, pluripartition // • Theme, Transition, and Rheme // • Four factors of FSP: linearity, semantics, context, and intonation // • The Fall-and-Rise intonation in English // • The interplay of the four factors of FSP // Topic 19 - Text linguistics and discourse analysis (p. 96)

• Written and spoken discourse (J. Vachek) // • Cohesion and coherence (M. A. K. Halliday and R. Hasan) // • Text organization (F. Danes’ thematic progressions) // • Conversational analysis (turn-taking, adjacency pairs) // Topic 20 - Pragmatics and pragmalinguistics (p. 101) // • Ch. Morris: syntactics, semantics, pragmatics // • Indexical expressions // • Speech acts (J. Austin and J. R. Searle) // • Semantics versus pragmatics // • The Cooperative Principle (CP) (H. P. Grice) // • The Principle of Politeness (PP) (G. N. Leech) // • The operation of tact (an example) // • The Modesty Maxim and intercultural studies