.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(5) Půjčeno:5x 

BK

1st English ed.

Tokyo : Kosei, 2007

648 s. ; 23 cm

ISBN 978-4-333-01917-5 (brož.) ISBN !4-333-01917-6 (chyb.)

japonština

Obsahuje bibliografii na s. 599-613 a rejstřík

000135609

Introduction: Religion and the Japanese Religion in Japan Today 17 Religion in Periods of Change 21 // 17 // 1. Religion in Primitive Japanese Society // 27 // Religion in thejomon Period 27 Religion in the Yayoi and Kofun Periods 33 // Yayoi Burials, 33 • Dötaku and Oracle Bones, 37 • Kofun // Burials, 38 • Deities of Sea and Mountain, 42 // Buddhism in Ancient Japan 47 // State Buddhism, 47 • Heian Buddhism, 49 The Japanese Response to Buddhism 50 // Paths of Transmission, 50 • Pro-Buddhist and Anti-Buddhist Factions, 53 • Acceptance of the New Religion, 55 • Prince Shötoku, 58 Religion as Protector of the State 60 // Aristocratic Buddhism, 60 • The Regulation of Clerics, 62 • Kokubunji and the Tödai-ji Great Buddha, 65 • The Six Nara Schools, // 68 • Mountain Buddhism, 69 • Chishi/d and Their Temples, 71 // 2. Buddhism and the Nara Schools // 47 // 3. Heian-Period Religion: Institutional Buddhism 73 // The Tendai Sect 73 // Saichö, 73 • Government Recognition, 76 • Saichö’s Dispute with Tokuitsu, 77 • Ennin’s Journey to China, 80 • Enchin’s Development of Esoteric Buddhism, 83 • Annen’s Esoteric Tendai, // 85 • Ryögen, 87 • The Sammon School and thejimon School, 88 • The Propagation of Tendai in the Provinces, 91 • Devotion // to the Lotus Sutra, 92 • Lectures on the Lotus Sutra, 94 • Lotus Sutra Waka and Songs of the Law, 95 • Sutra Copying and Burial,

96 • Activities of Lotus Sutra Devotees, 97 The Shingon Sect 98 // Kükai, 98 • Shingon Esotericism, 100 • Shingon and the Nara Schools, 103 • Mount Köya and Tö-ji, 106 • The Hirosawa and Ono Schools, 109 • The Cult of Köbö Daishi, 111 The Pure Land School 114 // Pure Land Buddhism in Japan, 114 • Pure Land Teachings on Mount Hici, 116 • Pure Land Teachings in the Nara Schools,//7 • Pure Land Teachings in the Shingon Sect, 120 • Subtemples and the Development of Pure Land Teachings, 122 • Genshin and His Öjö Yöshü, 123 • Pure I,and Teachings and the Concept of Mappö, // 125 • Ryönin and the Yüzü Nembulsu, 128 // 4. Heian-Period Religion: Popular Religion 131 // The Cults of Miroku, Kannon, and Jizö 131 // Miroku’s Paradise, 131 • The Cult of Rebirth Together with Miroku, // 134 • The Kannon Cult, 136 • The Jizö Cult, 138 Shintö-Buddhist Syncretism 140 // Two Types of Syncretism, 140 • Deities and Buddhas, 141 • The // Honji Suijaku Theory, / 43 Taoism and Shugendö Asceticism 145 // Taoism in Japan, 145 • Shugendö, 149 The Religious Life of the Villages 150 // Popular Preachers, 150 • Criteria for Rebirth, 154 // 5. The Birth of Kamakura Buddhism 157 // Characteristics of Kamakura Buddhism 157 // Choice, Exclusive Practice, and Easy Practice, 157 • Buddhism for the Common People, 159 • From Hagiography to Doctrine, 160 Traditional Buddhism in the Kamakura Period 162 // The Tendai Sect, 162 • The Shingon

Sect, 163 • The Nara // Schools, 165 // 6. The Jödo Sect 1 69 // Thejödo Sect in the Kamakura Period 169 // Honen, 169 • Opposition to Exclusive Practice of the Nembutsu, 174 • The Nembutsu Community in Kyoto, 176 • Ryöchü, 178 // Thejödo Sect in the Muromachi Period 181 // Shögei and a Doctrinal Foundation, 181 • The Popularization of // Doctrine, 183 • Dözan and the Nagoe Subgroup, 184 • The // Two Major Groups in Kantö, 186 • Unification Under the Shirahata Group, 189 // 7. The Jödo Shin Sect 191 // Thejödo Shin Sect in the Kamakura Period 191 // Shinran, 191 • Development of thejödo Shin Sect, 195 • The // Founding of Hongan-ji, 199 // Thejödo Shin Sect in the Muromachi Period 203 // Rennyo, 203 • The Hongan-ji Jödo Shin Sect, 207 // 8. The Ji Sect 211 // The Ji Sect in the Kamakura Period 211 // Ippen, 211 • Shinkyö, 216 • The Two Major Schools, 218 // The Ji Sect in the Muromachi Period 219 // Systematization of the Doctrine, 219 • Development of the Ji Sect, 221 • The Yugyö Shönin’s Travels, 223 • Organization of the Ji // Sect, 224 // 9. The Zen Sects 227 // The Rinzai Sect 227 // Eisai, 227 • Kamakura Zen, 229 • Continental Zen in Japan, 231 • Gozan Culture, 235 • Daitoku-ji, 240 • The Myöshin-ji Group, 243 // The Sötö Sect 244 // Dögcn, 244 • The Schism at Eihei-ji, 247 • Keizan, 249 • The Söji-ji Order, 250 • Reunification, 253 // 10. The Nichiren Sect 255 // The Nichiren Sect in the Kamakura Period

255 // Nichiren’s Early Years, 255 • Propagating Faith in the Lotus Sutra, 257 • The Mongol Court’s Letter, 259 • The Persecution of 1271, 260 • Nichiren in Exile, 261 • The Move to Mount Minobu, // 264 • Nichiren’s Disciples, 265 • Nichiren’s Lay Followers, 266 // The Nichiren Sect in the Muromachi Period 268 // Division into Schools, 268 • The Hama, Hikigayatsu, and Fuji Schools, 270 • The Minobu and Nakayama Schools, 272 • Propagation in Kyoto, 274 • Nichijü and Nichijin, 276 • Other Temples and Nichiryfl and Nisshin, 277 • Propagation in Western Japan, 280 • Cults and Uprisings, 281 // 11. Women and Buddhism 285 // Early Japanese Buddhism and Women 285 // Women and Sacred Precincts, 285 • Women and Worldly Benefits, 287 • Women and Rebirth in the Pure Land, 289 // Kamakura Buddhism and Rebirth for Women 292 // Höncn and Shinran, 292 • Dôgen, 294 • Nichiren, 296 // 12. Shintö and Shugendö 299 // Shinto: The Way of the Kami 299 // The Beginnings of Ise Shinto, 299 • The Establishment oflse Shinto, // 302 • The Formation of Ryöbu Shinto, 306 • The Origins of // Yoshida Shinto, 309 • The Establishment of Yoshida Shinto, // 310 • The Development of Yoshida Shinto, 312 // Shugendö: The Way of Mountain Asceticism 314 // The Beginnings of Shugendö, 314 • Mountain Folk and Shugenja, 317 • The Honzan Group, 318 • The Tözan Shödai Sendatsu Group, 320 • Provincial Shugendö Organizations, 321 • The

// Ten Realms Practice, 324 • Entering the Mountains, 326 • The Kumano Guides, 328 • The Martial Activities of the Yamabushi, 330 // 13. The Tokugawa Shogunate and Religion 333 // Overview 333 // Buddhism Under the Shogunate 335 // Temple Regulations, 335 • Patronage, 338 • The Hommalsu System, 340 • The Terauke System, 342 • Kilo Buddhism, 344 // Shinto Under the Shogunate 345 // Yuiitsu Shinto, 345 • Suika Shinto, 348 • Yoshikawa Shinto and Popular Shinto, 350 • Kokugaku, 352 • Restoration Shinto, 353 // 14. Established Religion Under the Shogunate: // The Jödo, Ji, and Zen Sects 357 // Thejödo Sect 357 // Clerical Education, 357 • Jödo-Sect Views on Propagation, 358 • Propagation Methods, 360 • Popular Buddhist Preachers, 363 • The Ideal Jödo Follower, 366 // Theji Sect 369 // The Travels of the Yugyö Shönin, 369 • The Role of the Yugyö // Shönin, 371 • The Training Facilities of theji Sect, 373 • The // Schools of theji Sect, 375 // The Zen Sects 377 // The Öbaku Sect, 377 • The Sötö Sect, 379 • The Rinzai Sect, 382 • The Fuke Sect, 385 // 15. Underground Buddhist Movements in the Edo Period 387 // The Nichiren Sect and the Fuju Fuse Movement 387 // The Nichiren Sect Under Japan’s Unifiers, 387 • The Fuju Fuse Movement, 391 • Nichiö and the Myökaku-ji Community, 393 • // Conflict Between the Ju and Fuju Fuse Factions, 395 • The Kambun Suppression, 397 • Persecution, 400 • The Secret Daimoku

Confraternities, 401 • The Ju Faction and the Populace, 403 • Mid- // Nineteenth-Century Lay Movements, 405 // Thejödo Shin Sect and the Underground Nembutsu Movement 408 // The Religious Ideal, 408 • The Hongan-ji Establishment, 409 • The Bukkö-ji School, 411 • The Takada Senju-ji School, 414 • // The Kakure Nembutsu Movement, 416 // 16. Christianity in the Edo Period 421 // The Introduction of Christianity 421 // Francis Xavier, 421 • Cosmc de Torres, 423 • Francisco Cabral // and Organtino Gnecchi-Soldo, 426 • Alessandro Valignano, 428 • The Growth of the Church, 430 • Christian Charity, 432 • Methods of Catechesis, 433 // The Suppression of Christianity 435 // Christianity Proscribed, 435 • The Kakure Christians, 437 • The Isolated Christian Communities, 439 // 1 7. Folk Religion and Shugen Folk Religion 441 // Urban Folk Religion, 441 • Seasonal Festivals, 443 • Dösojin and // Phallic Deities, 446 • Fuji KK, 450 • Fujidö, 453 // Shugendö 455 // Regulation by the Shogunate, 455 • Religious Organization, 456 // Shugendö Literature, 460 • Doctrinal Developments, 462 • Entering the Mountains, 465 • Shugenja in Village Life, 466 • Lay Believers’ Associations, 470 // 18. Sectarian Shintö: Tenrikyö and Konkökyö 475 // Overview 475 Tenrikyö 478 // Nakayama Miki, 478 • Miki’s Philosophy, 481 • The Growth of // Tenrikyö, 482 • Criticism and Persecution, 483 • Official Recog- // nition, 484 •

The Jiba, 485 Konkökyö 487 // Kawate Bunjirö, 487 • Bunjirö’s Teachings, 489 • The Hiromae, 490 • The Growth of Konkökyö, 491 • Konkökyo and the Government, 492 // 19. Christianity After the Edo Period 495 Roman Catholicism 496 // Renewed Missionary Efforts, 496 • The Integration of the Kakure Christians, 497 • The Return of the Exiles, 500 • Ecclesiastical // Organization and Growth, 501 • The Work of the Orders, 503 The Orthodox Church 505 // Nikolai and the Church on Hokkaido, 505 • The Growth of the Churches, 508 • The Russo-Japanese War, 510 • The Russian // Revolution and Beyond, 510 Protestantism 511 // Early Missionaries and the First Converts, 511 • Bands of Protestant // Converts, 514 • The Revolutionary Nature of Protestantism, // 516 • Other Converts, 517 • Social Factors in Conversions, // 518 • Civilization and Enlightenment, 519 • Protestantism and Society, 520 • Sects and Denominations, 521 // 20. State Shintö 525 // The Evolution of State Shintö 525 // The Nationalization of Shintö, 525 // The Separation of Ritual and Religion, 527 • State Shintö at Official Shrines, 529 • State // Shintö at Nonofficial Shrines, 531 • The Establishment of State Shinto, 534 The Development of State Shinto 535 // From Religion to Ritual, 535 • Shrines in Village Life, 536 • Shrines in Newly Settled Areas, 537 • Official Shrines Overseas, 539 • State Shintö and Other Religions, 540 The End of

State Shintö 542 // The Shintö Directive, 542 • Preventing a Revival of State Shintö, 543 // 21. Buddhism and Modern Society 545 // Buddhism at a Turning Point 545 // Anti-Buddhist Currents in the Meiji Period, 545 • The Precepts and a Return to Ancient Traditions, 546 Buddhism in Secular Society 548 // Lay Buddhists, 548 • The Popularization of Doctrine, 550 • // Buddhism and Nationalism, 552 Modernizing Buddhism 553 // Buddhism and Modern Thought, 553 • The Rise of Critical Thought, 554 • The “New Buddhists,” 555 • Kiyozawa Manshi and Spirituality, 556 • The Modernization of Zen, 558 // 22. The Growth of New Religious Movements 561 Defining the New Religions 561 // The Rush Hour of the Gods, 561 • The Jiukyö Incident, 562 • Popular // Cults, 563 • Sekai Kyüsei Kyö, 564 • Questionable Activities, 566 • Striving for Legitimacy, 567 • Worldly Benefits, 568 • Ancestor Worship in Japan, 569 • Complex, Eclectic Doctrines, 570 • Lay Participation, 571 • Establishing a Foundation, 572 Milestones in the Development of the New Religions 573 // Social Change and the Rise of New Religions, 573 • Omoto, 575 Prewar Suppression of New Religions, 577 • Separation of Religion and the State, 581 • Large Organizations, 582 • Growing Consolidation, 583 // 23. The Established Religions Today 585 // Early Postwar Upheaval 585 // Shintö, 585 • Buddhism, 586 • Christianity, 588 Postwar Developments 589 // Buddhist Prison Chaplains, 589 • Resurgent Shintö and Buddhism, 590 • Sect Reform Movements, 591 • Growing Cooperation, // 593 // The Authors 597 // Bibliography // Index