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0 (hodnocen0 x )

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BK

2nd ed.

London : Routledge, 2011

xxv, 341 s. : il., mapy ; 25 cm

ISBN 978-0-415-55006-2 (brož.)

Obsahuje bibliografii na s. [317]-332 a rejstřík

000197571

CONTENTS // List of figures xi // List of tables xv // Sounds and symbols used in the text xvii // Acknowledgements xxi // Maps xxiv // Chapter 1 Introduction 1 // What is sociolinguistics? 1 // How do sociolinguists study sociolinguistics? 1 // Making broader connections 2 // Sociolinguistic questions 2 // Structure of this book 3 // On quantitative and qualitative methods 6 // On sociolinguistic methods more generally 7 // Using this book with The Routledge Sociolinguistics Reader 8 // Chapter 2 Variation and language 10 // Variables and variants 10 // Regional dialectology: mapping speakers and places 13 // Using regional dialect data to inform theory 15 // Standards, norms and alternations from the norms 18 // Martha’s Vineyard: a study of social dialects 18 // Stereotypes, markers and indicators 26 // Factors motivating variation 27 // Chapter summary 29 // Further reading 30 // Chapter 3 Variation and style 31 // Introduction 31 // Studying variation in speakers’ style 32 // The New York City social dialect survey 33 // Prestige of a variable 41 // In search of the unknowable: the observer’s paradox 42 // Challenging style as attention to speech 44 // Chapter summary 56 // Further reading 57 // Vlil // CONTENTS // Chapter 4 Language attitudes 53 // Introduction 5Q // Language attitudes in language change 59 // Linguistic relativism 04 // Reclaiming derogatory terms 55 // Perceptual dialectology 59 // Attitudes to language: identities and accommodation 72 // Social

identity theory 73 // Accommodation theory 70 // Chapter summary 32 // Further reading 33 // Chapter 5 Being polite as a variable in speech 84 // Introduction 34 // Theories of politeness 35 // Applications of politeness theory: intercultural communication 100 // Critiques of politeness theory 102 // Chapter summary 1Q0 // Further reading -jq0 // Chapter 6 Multilingualism and language choice 107 // Introduction 1Q7 // Language policy and language planning in multilingual societies 108 // Language rights in South Africa’s constitution 109 // Language rights in Vanuatu’s constitution 111 // Ethnolinguistic vitality 14 2 // Using the model of language vitality 115 // Diglossia in a community -j -j 3 // Is Vitality’ the same as ‘prestige’? 119 // Code switching and code mixing 120 // Speech levels as different codes 130 // Chapter summary 132 // Further reading I33 // Chapter 7 Real time and apparent time 135 // Introduction 130 // Studying change over time 135 // Real time studies of change 133 // Apparent time studies of change 149 // Real time tests of the apparent time construct 147 // Profiles of change 102 // Challenges associated with real and apparent time sampling 159 // Language and ageing 151 // Chapter summary 102 // Further reading 102 // CONTENTS // IX // Chapters Social class 164 // Introduction 164 // Social class 165 // Class as a factor in linguistic variation 169 // Fine and broad stratification 174 // Cross-over effects and change from above/below 179

// Class and historical sociolinguistics 185 // The intersection of class and style 190 // Chapter summary 192 // Further reading 193 // Chapters Social networks and communities of practice 194 // Introduction 194 // Social networks 194 // Communities of practice: highly local networks 200 // Case studies of social networks and language variation 201 // Not all networks are equal 205 // How occupation interacts with social networks 207 // Who leads? 209 // Chapter summary 211 // Further reading 211 // Chapter 10 Gender 212 // Introduction 212 // Sex or gender? 213 // Exclusive gender differences 213 // Preferential gender differences 217 // Principles of gender and variation: a historical picture 218 // Moving beyond Labov’s principles 231 // Gender practices 233 // Strategic use of gender differences 238 // Gendered style 242 // Gender and sexuality 242 // Wider implications of rethinking gender 245 // Chapter summary 247 // Further reading 247 // Chapter 11 Language contact 249 // How contact between varieties affects variation and change 249 // Dialect levelling 250 // Global contact: global English? 253 // Contact-induced change 259 // Sociolinguistic constraints on contact 270 // Chapter summary 276 // Further reading 276 // Chapter 12 Looking back and looking ahead 278 // Variation is what we know 278 // X CONTENTS // Theory in sociolinguistics 281 // Interpreting and motivating variation 285 // A final word: the triumph of multiple causation 287 // Notes on the exercises

289 // Glossary 305 // Bibliography 317 // Index 333