Contents // * // Foreword or Why is Memori» Anatomy revolutionary? // Memorix Education System... // Acknowledgements to co-workers... // Acknowledgements to student organisations... // Memorix team... // General anatomy // 1 Definitions and history...2 // 2 Terms and abbreviations ...3 // 3 Histology...4 // 4 Embryology...5 // 5 Anatomical changes In childhood...6 // 6 Anatomical changes in puberty...7 // 7 Planes and lines of the human body...8 // 8 Terms of location and direction of the human body...9 // 9 Parts of the human body... 10 // 10 Regions of the human body...11 // 11 Eponyms...12 // 12 Review questions and figures...14 // 13 Acknowledgements and references... 16 // 2 // Bones // 1 General overview...18 // 2 Skull - Cranium...21 // 2.1 Frontal bone - Os franate...22 // 2.2 Occipital bone - Os occipitale...23 // 2.3 Sphenoidal bone (sphenoid) - Os sphenoidale...24 // 2.4 Parietal bone - Os parietale...26 // 2.5 Temporal bone - Os temporale...27 // 2.6 Ethmoidal bone (ethmoid) - Os ethmoidale...30 // 2.7 Inferior nasal concha - Concha nasalis inferior...30 // 2.8 Lacrimal bone, nasal bone and vomer // - Os lacrimale, os nasale et vomer...31 // 2.9 Zygomatic bone - Os zygomaticum...31 // 2.10 Palatine bone - Os palatinum...32 // 2.11 Maxilla - Maxilla...33 // 2.12 Mandible - Mandibula...34 // 2.13 Hyoid bone - Os hyoideum...35 // 2.14 Skull of a newborn...35 // 2.15 Skull anthropometry...36 // 3 Vertebral column - Columna vertebralis...37 // 3.1 Cervical vertebrae -
Vertebrae cervicales...38 // 3.2 Thoracic vertebrae - Vertebrae thoracicae...39 // 3.3 Lumbar vertebrae - Vertebrae lumbales...39 // 3.4 Sacrum and coccyx - Os sacrum et os coccygis...40 // 4 Thorax - Thorax...41 // 5 Bones of the upper limb - Ossa membri superioris...42 // 5.1 Clavicle (collarbone) - Clavicula...42 // 5.2 Scapula (shoulder blade) - Scapula...43 // 5.3 Humerus-Humerus...44 // 5.4 Ulna (elbow bone) - Ulna... 45 // 5.5 Radius (radial bone)-Radius...4$ // 5.6 Bones of the hand - Ossa manus...47 // 6 Bones of the lower limb - Ossa membri inferioris...48 // 6.1 Pelvis - Pelvis...49 // 6.1.1 Hip bone (pelvic bone) - Os coxae...50 // 6.2 Femur (thigh bone) - Femur...52 // 6.3 Patella (kneecap) - Patella...53 // 6.4 Tibia (shinbone)-Tibia...53 // 6.5 Fibula (calf bone) - Fibula...54 // 6.6 Bones of foot - Ossa pedis...54 // 7 Figures ...57 // 7.1 Cranial base...57 // 8 Tables ...58 // 8.1 Openings of the skull and their content...58 // 8.2 Structures of the upper limb... 60 // 8.3 Structures of the lower limb...62 // 9 Review questions and figures... 64 // 10 Acknowledgements and references...66 // Joints // 1 General overview...68 // 1.1 General organisation of the synovial joint...69 // 2 Joints of the skull - Juncturae cranii...72 // 3 Vertebral joints - Juncturae columnae vertebralis...73 // 3.1 Vertebral synovial joints - Articulationes columnae vertebralis.74 // 4 Thoracic joints - Juncturae thoracis...75 // 5 Joints of the upper limb -Juncturae membri superioris...76
// 5.1 Sternoclavicular joint - Articulatio sternoclavicularis...76 // 5.2 Acromioclavicular joint - Articulatio acromioclavicularis...76 // 5.3 Shoulder (glenohumeral) joint // - Articulatio humeri (glenohumeralis)...77 // 5.4 Elbow joint - Articulatio cubiti...78 // 5.5 Distal radio-ulnar joint and radio-ulnar syndesmosis // - Articulatio radioulnaris distalis et syndesmosis radioulnaris.79 // 5.6 Wrist joint - Articulatio radiocarpalis...79 // 5.7 Joints of the hand - Articulationes manus...80 // 6 Joints of the lower limb - Juncturae membri inferioris... // 6.1 Sacro-iliac joint - Articulatio sacroiliaca... // 6.2 Synarthroses of the pelvic girdle - Synarthroses cinguli pelvici.. // 6.3 Hip joint - Articulatio coxae... // 6.4 Knee joint - Articulatio genus... // 6.5 Tibiofibular joint - Articulatio tibiofibularis... // 6.6 Interosseous membrane of the leg and tibiofibular syndesmosis // - Membrana interossea cruris et syndesmosis tibiofibularis... // 6.7 Joints of the foot - Articulationes pedis... // 6,7.1 Arches of the foot... // 7 Tables // 90 // 7.1 Movements of the head, neck // and temporomandibular joint (muscles)...90 // 7.2 Movements of the limbs (degree of freedom)... 91 // 7.3 Movements of the upper limb (muscles)...92 // 7.4 Movements of the lower limb (muscles)...93 // 8 Review questions and figures...„94 // 9 Acknowledgements and references...96 // Muscles // D // 1 General overview...98 // 2 Muscles of the head - Musculi cranii...102 // 2.1 Facial muscles
- Musculi faciei...102 // 2.2 Masticatory muscles - Musculi masticatorii...108 // 2.3 Fasciae of the head...109 // 3 Muscles of the neck - Musculi colli...110 // 3.1 Superficial muscle group - Musculi colli superficiales...Ill // 3.2 Suprahyoid muscles - Musculi suprahyoidei...112 // 3.3 Infrahyoid muscles - Musculi infrahyoidei...113 // 3.4 Scaleni - Musculi scaleni...114 // 3.5 Deep muscle group - Musculi colli profundi...115 // 3.6 Cervical fascia - Fascia cervicalis...115 // 4 Muscles of the back - Musculi dorsi...116 // 4.1 Superficial layer (spinohumeral muscles)...117 // 4.2 2nd layer (spinoscapular muscles)...118 // 4.3 S’” layer (spinocostal muscles)...118 // 4.4 Muscles of the back proper-Musculi dorsi proprii...119 // 4.5 Fasciae of the back...123 // 5 Muscles of the thorax - Musculi thoracis...124 // 5.1 Muscles of the thorax - thoracohumeral muscles...125 // 5.2 Muscles of the thorax proper...126 // 5.3 Diaphragm - Diaphragma...127 // 5.4 Fasciae of the thorax...127 // 6 Muscles of the abdomen - Musculi abdominis...128 // 6.1 Anterior group...128 // 6.2 Lateral group...129 // 6.3 Posterior group...130 // 6.4 Fasciae of the abdomen...130 // 7 Pelvic diaphragm / pelvic floor - Diaphragma pelvis...131 // 7.1 Fasciae of the pelvis...132 // 8 Muscles of the upper limb - Musculi membri superioris...133 // 8.1 Muscles of the shoulder joint...133 // 8.2 Muscles of the arm - Musculi brachii...134 // 8.3 Muscles of the forearm - Musculi antebrachii...136 // 8.3.1 Anterior
group...137 // 8.3.2 Lateral group...139 // 8.3.3 Posterior group...140 // 8.4 Muscles of the hand - Musculi manus...142 // 8.4.1 Muscles of the thenar eminence (thumb group)...143 // 8.4.2 Muscles of the hypothenar eminence (little finger group)... 144 // 8.4.3 Interossei and lumbricals...145 // 8.5 Tendinous sheaths of the upper limb // - Vaginae tendinum membri superioris...146 // 8.6 Fasciae of the upper limb...147 // 9 Muscles of the lower limb - Musculi membri inferioris...148 // 9.1 Muscles of the hip joint...148 // 9.1.1 Anterior group...149 // 9.1.2 Posterior group...150 // 9.2 Muscles of the thigh - Musculi femoris...152 // 9.2.1 Anterior group... 153 // 9.2.2 Medial group...154 // 9.2.3 Posterior group...155 // 9.3 Muscles ofthe leg-Musculi cruris...156 // 9.3.1 Anterior group,...157 // 9.3.2 Lateral group...157 // 9.3.3 Posterior group...158 // 9.4 Muscles of the foot - Musculi pedis...160 // 9.4.1 Dorsal group...161 // 9.4.2 Medial group (group ofthe great toe)...161 // 9.4.3 Lateral group (group of the little toe)...162 // 9.4.4 Middle group...162 // 9.4.5 Interossei and lumbricals...163 // 9.5 Tendinous sheaths ofthe lower limb // - Vaginae tendinum membri inferioris...164 // 9.6 Fasciae of the lower limb...165 // 10 Review questions and figures...166 // 11 Acknowledgements and references...168 // 5 // Digestive system // 169 // 1 General overview...170 // 2 Oral cavity - Cavitas oris...172 // 2.1 Cheek-Bucca...172 // 2.2 Ups-Labia oris...173 // 2.3 Gum-Gingiva...173