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Příručka

Second edition

Cham : Springer, [2016]

xviii, 284 stran : ilustrace ; 24 cm

ISBN 978-3-319-26328-1 (brožováno)

Obsahuje bibliografii na stranách 277-281 a rejstřík

001459747

1 The Importance of Presentations 1 // 1.1 What’s the buzz? 2 // 1.2 Giving presentations gives you visibility and advances your career 3 // 1.3 Simply attending, without presenting, is not enough 4 // 1.4 Good presentations: typical features 4 // 1.5 Bad presentations: typical features 5 // 1.6 The key to a professional presentation 5 // 2 TED and Learning from Others 7 // 2.1 What’s the buzz? 8 // 2.2 Choosing a TED presentation and learning the benefits 9 // 2.3 TED example with use of slides: Let’s bridge the digital divide! 9 // 2.4 TED example with minimal slides, delivered from a lectern: // The forgotten history of autism 11 // 2.5 What might Steve have done differently if he had been // giving a more formal version of his talk at an international conference made up of a multilingual audience? 12 // 2.6 TED example delivered from a lectern: This is what it’s // like to teach in North Korea 13 // 2.7 What can you learn from these three TED presentations? 14 // 2.8 Should you opt for TED-style presentations? 15 // 2.9 TED viewers rarely comment on non-native speakers’ // use of English 16 // 2.10 Note down what you remember about the presentations // you watch 17 // 2.11 Assess other people’s presentations 17 // 2.12 Using TED talks 17 // 3 Why You Should Write Out Your Speech 19 // 3.1 What’s the buzz? 20 // 3.2 Write down your speech 22 // 3.3 Don’t lift text directly from your paper 23 // 3.4 Only have one idea per sentence 24 // 3.5 Be concise—only say things that add value 25 // 3.6 Simplify sentences that are difficult to say 26 // 3.7 Do not use synonyms for technical/key words 27 // 3.8 Only use synonyms for nontechnical words 27 // 3.9 Use verbs rather than nouns 28 // 3.10 Avoid abstract nouns 28 // 3.11 Avoid generic quantities and unspecific adjectives 28 // 3.12 Advantages of having a written script 29 //

3.13 Mark up your script and then practice reading it aloud 30 // 3.14 Use your script to write notes to accompany your slides 31 // 3.15 Use your speech to decide if and when to have slides and in what order 31 // 3.16 Tense usage 33 // 4 Writing the text of your slides 37 // 4.1 What’s the buzz? 38 // 4.2 PART 1: TITLES - WHOLE PRESENTATION AND INDIVIDUAL SLIDES 39 // 4.3 PART 2: KEEPING TEXT ON SLIDES TO THE MINIMUM 45 // 4.4 PART 3: BULLETS 52 // 4.5 PART 4: CHECKING YOUR SLIDES 56 // 5 Visual Elements and Fonts 57 // 5.1 What’s the buzz? 58 // 5.2 Use visuals to help your audience understand, but keep the visuals simple 59 // 5.3 Choose the most appropriate figure to illustrate your point 60 // 5.4 Design pie charts so that the audience can immediately understand them 65 // 5.5 Only include visuals that you intend to talk about 67 // 5.6 Use an image to replace unnecessary or tedious text 67 // 5.7 Only show a slide for as long as you are talking about it 68 // 5.8 Avoid visuals that force you (the presenter) to look at the screen 68 // 5.9 Make sure your slide can be read by the audience in the back row 69 // 5.10 Use background color to facilitate audience understanding 69 // 5.11 Choose your font(s) wisely, and limit different types of formatting 70 // 5.12 Remember the difference in usage between commas and points in numbers 70 // 5.13 Locate formulas, code, procedures etc between ‘easy-on-the-eye’ slides 70 // 5.14 Be aware of the dangers of presentation software 71 // 5.15 Only use animations if they serve a good purpose 72 // 5.16 Introduce items in a list one at a time only if absolutely necessary 72 // 5.17 A few tricks provided by presentation software 73 // 5.18 Final checks 74 // 6 Ten Ways to Begin a Presentation 75 // 6.1 What’s the buzz? 76 // 6.2 Basic do’s and don’ts at the beginning of your presentation 77 // 6.3 Decide how you are going to begin 77 //

6.4 Say what you plan to do in your presentation and why 78 // 6.5 Tell the audience some facts about where you come from 80 // 6.6 Show a map 81 // 6.7 Give an interesting statistic that relates to your country 82 // 6.8 Give an interesting statistic that relates directly to the audience 82 // 6.9 Get the audience to imagine a situation 84 // 6.10 Ask the audience a question 84 // 6.11 Say something personal about yourself 86 // 6.12 Mention something topical 87 // 6.13 Say something counterintuitive 88 // 6.14 Moral of the story 88 // 7 Agenda and Transitions 89 // 7.1 What’s the buzz? 90 // 7.2 Consider not having an “agenda” slide 91 // 7.3 Use an “Agenda” slide for longer presentations and for arts, humanities, and social sciences 92 // 7.4 Use an agenda to introduce key terminology 94 // 7.5 Only move to the next slide when you’ve finished talking about the current slide 94 // 7.6 Use transitions to guide your audience 95 // 7.7 Learn how to signal a move from one section to the next 96 // 7.8 Exploit your transitions for other purposes than simply moving to the next topic 96 // 7.9 Only use an introductory phrase to a slide when strictly necessary 96 // 7.10 Be concise 97 // 7.11 Add variety to your transitions 97 // 8 Methodology 99 // 8.1 What’s the buzz? 100 // 8.2 First, regain the audience’s attention 101 // 8.3 Give simple explanations and be careful when giving numbers 101 // 8.4 Give examples first, technical explanations second 102 // 8.5 Be brief and only talk about what is strictly necessary 102 // 8.6 Show only the key steps in a process or procedure 103 // 8.7 Use slide titles to help explain a process 104 // 8.8 Explain why you are not describing the whole process 104 // 8.9 Indicate where you are in a process 105 // 8.10 Tell a story rather than sounding like a technical manual 106 // 8.11 Bring your figures, graphs, etc., alive 108 // 8.12 Minimize or cut the use of equations, formulas, and calculations 109 //

8.13 Use active and passive forms effectively 110 // 9 Results and Discussion Ill // 9.1 What’s the buzz? 112 // 9.2 Focus only on the key results, and keep the explanation short 113 // 9.3 Communicate the value of what you have done—put your results in the big picture 114 // 9.4 Explain graphs in a meaningful way 114 // 9.5 Avoid phrases that might make you sound overconfident, arrogant or critical of others 116 // 9.6 Tell the audience about any problems in interpreting your results 118 // 9.7 Explain whether your results were expected or not 119 // 9.8 Be upfront about your poor/uninteresting/negative results 120 // 9.9 Turn your ‘negative’ results into an opportunity for collaboration 121 // 9.10 Encourage discussion and debate 121 // 10 Conclusions 123 // 10.1 What’s the buzz? 124 // 10.2 Be brief and don’t deviate from your planned speech 125 // 10.3 Show your enthusiasm and remind audience of key findings 126 // 10.4 Make sure your final slides give useful information 127 // 10.5 Five ways to end a presentation 128 // 10.6 Write/Show something interesting on your final slide 131 // 10.7 Prepare a sequence of identical copies of your last slide 132 // 10.8 Learn what to say before you introduce the Q&A session 132 // 11 Questions and Answers 133 // 11.1 What’s the buzz? 134 // 11.2 Learn to deal with your anxiety about the Q&A session 135 // 11.3 Prepare in advance for all possible questions 136 // 11.4 Give the audience time to respond to your call for questions 136 // 11.5 Get the questioner to stand up. Reply to the whole audience 137 // 11.6 Repeat the questions 137 // 11.7 Remember that it is not just your fault if you can’t understand the question 138 // 11.8 Don’t interrupt the questioner unless 138 // 11.9 Be concise in giving your answers 139 // 11.10 Always be polite 139 // 11.11 If you are attending an important professor’s presentation, think about the value of asking her / him a question? 140 //

11.12 Think about how you might answer (or ask) generic questions 140 // 12 Attracting Audiences and Keeping Their Attention 143 // 12.1 What’s the buzz? 144 // 12.2 Ensure you have an attractive title 145 // 12.3 Be aware of the implications of the time when your presentation is scheduled 146 // 12.4 Immediately make eye contact with the audience and maintain it throughout 146 // 12.5 Adopt an appropriate level of formality 147 // 12.6 Exploit moments of high audience attention 149 // 12.7 Don’t spend too long on one slide and consider blanking the screen 149 // 12.8 Learn ways to regain audience attention after you have lost it 150 // 12.9 Present statistics in a way that the audience can relate to them . 151 // 12.10 Avoid quasi-technical terms 152 // 12.11 Explain or paraphrase words that may be unfamiliar to the audience 152 // 12.12 Occasionally use‘strong’adjectives 153 // 12.13 Be aware of cultural differences 153 // 12.14 Be serious and have fun 154 // 12.15 Gaining and keeping your audience’s attention: a summary 155 // 13 Handling Your Nerves 157 // 13.1 What’s the buzz? 158 // 13.2 Standing up in public 159 // 13.3 Dealing with your English accent and grammar 160 // 13.4 Presenting negative or ‘uninteresting’ results 161 // 13.5 Handling nerves during the Q&A session 161 // 13.6 Prepare for forgetting what you want to say 163 // 13.7 Get to know your potential audience at the bar and social dinners 163 // 13.8 Check out the room where your presentation will be 164 // 13.9 Do some physical exercises immediately before your presentation 164 // 14 Pronunciation and Intonation 165 // 14.1 What’s the buzz? 166 // 14.2 English has an irregular system of pronunciation 167 // 14.3 Dealing with your accent and pronunciation 167 // 14.4 Use online resources to check your pronunciation 168 //

14.5 Practise your pronunciation by following transcripts and imitating the speaker 169 // 14.6 Don’t speak too fast or too much, and vary your tone of voice 170 // 14.7 Use stress to highlight the key words 171 // 14.8 Be very careful of English technical words that also exist in your language 172 // 14.9 Practise-erf endings 172 // 14.10 Enunciate numbers very clearly 173 // 14.11 Avoid er, erm, ah 173 // 14.12 Practise with a native speaker 173 // 15 Rehearsing and Self-Assessment 175 // 15.1 What’s the buzz? 176 // 15.2 Use your notes (upload them onto your phone) 177 // 15.3 Vary the parts you practice 178 // 15.4 Practice your position relative to the screen 179 // 15.5 Don’t sit. Stand and move around 180 // 15.6 Use your hands 180 // 15.7 Have an expressive face and smile 181 // 15.8 Organize your time 181 // 15.9 Cut redundant slides (but not interesting ones), simplify complicated slides 182 // 15.10 Prepare for the software or the equipment breaking down 183 // 15.11 Make a video recording of yourself 184 // 15.12 Learn how to be self-critical: practice with colleagues 184 // 15.13 Get colleagues to assess the value of your slides 186 // 15.14 Email your presentation to your professor and colleagues 186 // 15.15 Do a final spell check on your slides 187 // 15.16 Improve your slides and your speech after the presentation 187 // 16 Networking: Preparation for Social Events 189 // 16.1 What’s the buzz? 190 // 16.2 Exploit conferences for publishing your research and for networking 190 // 16.3 Anticipate answers to questions that people might ask you after your presentation 191 // 16.4 Learn how to introduce yourself for both formal and informal occasions 192 // 16.5 Use people’s titles where appropriate 193 // 16.6 Prepare strategies for introducing yourself to a presenter after his / her presentation 194 // 16.7 Learn how to introduce yourself to a group of people 194 //

16.8 Identify typical conversation topics and prepare related vocabulary lists 196 // 16.9 Learn what topics of conversation are not acceptable for particular nationalities 197 // 16.10 Think of other safe topics that involve cultural similarities rather than just differences 198 // 16.11 If you live near the conference location, be prepared to answer questions on your town 199 // 16.12 Prepare anecdotes that you can recount over dinner 199 // 16.13 Practice being at the center of attention in low-risk situations 201 // 17 Networking: Successful Informal Meetings 203 // 17.1 What’s the buzz? 204 // 17.2 Decide in advance which key people you want to meet 205 // 17.3 Email your key person in advance of the conference 206 // 17.4 Consider telephoning your key person in advance of the conference, rather than emailing 207 // 17.5 Think of how the meeting could be beneficial not only to you but also to your key person 208 // 17.6 Find out as much as you can about your key person, but be discreet 208 // 17.7 Encourage your key person to come to your presentation or poster session 209 // 17.8 Exploit opportunities for introductions at the coffee machine 209 // 17.9 Be prepared for what to say if your proposal for a meeting is not accepted 211 // 17.10 Prepare well for any informal one-to-one meetings 211 // 17.11 Be positive throughout informal one-to-one meetings 211 // 17.12 A verbal exchange is like a game of ping pong: always give your interlocutor an opportunity to speak 213 // 17.13 Ensure that you follow up on your meeting 216 // 18 Posters 217 // 18.1 What’s the buzz? 218 // 18.2 PART 1: CREATING A POSTER AND KNOWING // 18.3 PART 2: WHAT SECTIONS TO INCLUDE AND WHAT TO PUT IN THEM 224 // 19 Advice for Native English Speakers on How to Present at International Conferences and Run Workshops 229 // 19.1 What’s the buzz? 230 // 19.2 Learn from seasoned speakers 231 // 19.3 Understand what it feels like not to understand 232 //

19.4 Watch TED to understand how it feels to be a non-native speaker 233 // 19.5 Watch TED to understand how to talk to non-natives 234 // 19.6 Learn another language! 235 // 19.7 Have two versions of your presentation 235 // 19.8 Ensure you adapt a presentation that you have given to native speakers and make it suitable for non-natives 236 // 19.9 Focus on what non-natives actually like about native speakers 236 // 19.10 Be careful of cultural differences 237 // 19.11 Avoid humor, but have fun 237 // 19.12 Explain key words 239 // 19.13 Choose appropriate vocabulary 239 // 19.14 Mind your language! 241 // 19.15 Speak slowly and enunciate very clearly 242 // 19.16 Workshops and seminars: try to reduce anxiety levels of the audience as soon as possible 242 // 19.17 Never equate a person’s level of English with their level of intelligence 243 // 19.18 Take responsibility for any lack of understanding by your interlocutor 243 // 19.19 Ask your participants questions during workshops 244 // 19.20 Avoid saying ‘OK?’ to check understanding during workshops 244 // 19.21 Remind the audience of the big picture 245 // 19.22 Have recap slides in addition to or as an occasional alternative to questions slides 246 // 19.23 Reduce your talking time during workshops, seminars and training sessions 246 // 19.24 Timing and breaks: using exercises in workshops 247 // 19.25 Handouts 247 // 19.26 If you are a participant, never dominate the discussion 247 // 20 Useful Phrases 249 // 20.1 PART 1 PRESENTATIONS AND POSTERS 249 // 20.2 PART 2: NETWORKING 263 // Acknowledgements 275 // Sources 277 // Index 283