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BK

Updated edition

Philadelphia : Saunders/Elsevier, [2012]

xx, 267 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 28 cm

ISBN 978-1-4557-3977-6 (brožováno)

Terminologický slovník

Obsahuje rejstřík

001465222

Contents // Chapter 1 An Overview of Developmental Events, Processes, and Abnormalities ... 1 // The First and Second Weeks...2 // The Embryonic Period // The Early Embryonic Period...3 // The Late Embryonic Period...4 // The Fetal Period...5 // Histological Concepts // Samples of Epithelia and Connective Tissue...6 // Skin and Embryonic Connective Tissue...7 // Induction...8 // Apoptosis...9 // Segmentation and Early Pattern Formation // Genetic Determination of Embryonic Axes and Segments...10 // Segmentation and Segment Fates...11 // Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration...12 // Cell Differentiation and Cell Fates...13 // Growth Factors...14 // Classification of Abnormal Processes...15 // Classification of Multiple Anomalies...16 // Normal Versus Major Versus Minor Malformations...17 // Marfan Syndrome...18 // Apert and De Lange Syndromes...19 // Examples of Deformations...20 // Example of a Deformation Sequence...21 // Drug-Induced Embryopathies...22 // Terminology...23 // Chapter 2 Early Embryonic Development and the Placenta...27 // Adult Uterus, Ovaries, and Uterine Tubes...28 // Ovary, Ova, and Follicle Development...29 // The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy...30 // The First Week: // Ovulation, Fertilization and Migration Down the Uterine Tube...31 // Ectopic Pregnancy...32 // Tubal Pregnancy...33 // Interstitial, Abdominal, and Ovarian Pregnancy...34 // The Second Week: // Implantation and Extraembryonic Membrane Formation...35 // The Third Week: Gastrulation...36 Events Related to Gastrulation: // Neurulation and Early Placenta and Coelom Development...37 // The Fourth Week: Folding of the Gastrula...38 // The Vertebrate Body Plan...39 // Contents // Formation of the Placenta...40 // The Endometrium and Fetal Membranes...41 // Placental Structure...42 // External Placental Structure; Placental Membrane...43 // Placental Variations...44 // Placenta Previa...45 // Summary of Ectodermal Derivatives...46 // Summary of Endodermal Derivatives...47 //

Summary of Mesodermal Derivatives...48 // Terminology...49 // Chapter 3 The Nervous System...51 // Formation of the Neural Plate...52 // Neurulation...53 // Neural Tube and Neural Crest...54 // Neural Tube Defects // Defects of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column...55 // Defects of the Brain and Skull...56 // Neuron Development...57 // Development of the Cellular Sheath of Axons...58 // Development of the Spinal Cord Layers...59 // Development of the Spinal Cord...60 // Peripheral Nervous System // Development of the Peripheral Nervous System...61 // Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerves...62 // Growth of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column...63 // Embryonic Dermatomes...64 // Adult Dermatomes...65 // Development of the Brain // Early Brain Development...66 // Further Development of Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain...67 // Development of Major Brain Structures...68 // Growth of the Cerebral Hemispheres...69 // Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain...70 // Development of the Forebrain // Forebrain Wall and Ventricles...71 // Relationship Between Telencephalon and Diencephalon...72 // Cross Sections of the Midbrain and Hindbrain...73 // Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid...74 // Development of Motor Nuclei in the Brainstem...75 // Segmentation of the Hindbrain...76 // Development of the Pituitary Gland...77 // Development of the Ventricles...78 // Congenital Ventricular Defects...79 // Terminology...80 // xvi // Contents // Chapter 4 The Cardiovascular System...83 // Early Vascular Systems...84 // Vein Development // Early Development of the Cardinal Systems...85 // Transformation to the Postnatal Pattern...86 // Vein Anomalies...87 // Aortic Arch Arteries...88 // Artery Anomalies // Aortic Arch Anomalies...89 // Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Arteries...90 // Intersegmental Arteries and Coarctation of the Aorta...91 // Summary of Embryonic Blood Vessel Derivatives...92 // Formation of Blood Vessels...93 //

Formation of the Heart Tube Formation of the Left and Right Heart Tubes...94 // Formation of a Single Heart Tube...95 // Chambers of the Heart Tube...96 // Bending of the Heart Tube...97 // Partitioning of the Heart Tube...98 // Atrial Separation...99 // Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum...100 // Completion of the Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum...101 // Ventricular Separation and Bulbus Cordis...102 // Adult Derivatives of the Heart Tube Chambers...103 // Fetal Circulation...104 // Transition to Postnatal Circulation...105 // Congenital Heart Defect Concepts...106 // Ventricular Septal Defects...107 // Atrial Septal Defects...108 // Spiral Septum Defects...109 // Patent Ductus Arteriosus...110 // Terminology...111 // Chapter 5 The Respiratory System...113 // Early Primordia...•...114 // Formation of the Pleural Cavities...115 // The Relationship Between Lungs and Pleural Cavities...116 // Visceral and Parietal Pleura...117 // Development of the Diaphragm...118 // Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia...119 // Airway Branching // The Airway at 4 to 7 Weeks...120 // The Airway at 7 to 10 Weeks...121 // Development of Bronchioles and Alveoli...122 // Bronchial Epithelium Maturation...123 // xvii // Contents // Congenital Anomalies of the Lower Airway...124 // Airway Branching Anomalies...125 // Bronchopulmonary Sequestration...126 // Palate Formation in the Upper Airway...127 // The Newborn Upper Airway...128 // Terminology...129 // Chapter 6 The Gastrointestinal System and Abdominal Wall...131 // Early Primordia...132 // Formation of the Gut Tube and Mesenteries...133 // Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut...134 // Abdominal Veins...135 // Foregut and Midgut Rotations...136 // Meckel’s Diverticulum...137 // Lesser Peritoneal Sac...138 // Introduction to the Retroperitoneal Concept...139 // Midgut Loop...140 // Abdominal Ligaments...141 // Abdominal Foregut Organ Development...142 // Development of Pancreatic Acini and Islets...143 //

Congenital Pancreatic Anomalies...144 // Development of the Hindgut...145 // Congenital Anomalies Duplication, Atresia, and Situs Inversus...146 // Megacolon (Hirschsprung’s Disease)...147 // Summary of Gut Organization...148 // Development of the Abdominal Wall...149 // Umbilical Hernia...150 // The Inguinal Region...151 // Anterior Testis Descent...152 // The Adult Inguinal Region...153 // Anomalies of the Processus Vaginalis...154 // Terminology...155 // Chapter 7 The Urogenital System...157 // Early Primordia...158 // Division of the Cloaca...159 // Congenital Cloacal Anomalies...160 // Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros...161 // Development of the Metanephros...162 // Ascent and Rotation of the Metanephric Kidneys...163 // Kidney Rotation and Migration Anomalies // Kidney Rotation Anomalies and Renal Fusion...164 // Kidney Migration Anomalies and Blood Vessel Formation...165 // Hypoplasia...166 // Ureteric Bud Duplication...167 // xviii // Contents // Ectopic Ureters...168 // Bladder Anomalies...169 // Allantois/Urachus Anomalies...170 // Primordia of the Genital System...171 // 8-Week Undifferentiated (Indifferent) Stage...172 // Anterior View of the Derivatives...173 // Paramesonephric Duct Anomalies...174 // Homologues of the External Genital Organs...175 // Hypospadias and Epispadias...176 // Gonadal Differentiation...1 77 // Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens...1 78 // Descent of Testis...179 // Ova and Follicles...180 // Summary of Urogenital Primordia and Derivatives...181 // Summary of Genital Primordia and Derivatives...182 // Terminology...183 Chapter 8 The Musculoskeletal System...185 // Myotomes, Dermatomes, and Sclerotomes...186 // Muscle and Vertebral Column Segmentation...187 // Mesenchymal Primordia at 5 and 6 Weeks...188 // Ossification of the Vertebral Column...189 // Development of the Atlas, Axis, Ribs, and Sternum...190 // Bone Cells and Bone Deposition...191 // Histology of Bone...192 //

Membrane Bone and Skull Development...193 // Bone Development in Mesenchyme...194 // Osteon Formation...195 // Compact Bone Development and Remodeling...196 // Endochondral Ossification in a Long Bone...197 // Epiphyseal Growth Plate // Epiphyseal Growth Plate...198 // Peripheral Cartilage Function in the Epiphysis...199 // Structure and Function of the Growth Plate...200 // Pathophysiology of the Growth Plate...201 // Ossification in the Newborn Skeleton...202 // Joint Development...203 // Muscular System: Primordia...204 // Segmentation and Division of Myotomes...205 // Epimere, Hypomere, and Muscle Groups...206 // Development and Organization of Limb Buds...207 // Rotation of the Limbs...208 // Limb Rotation and Dermatomes...209 // Embryonic Plan of the Brachial Plexus...210 // Divisions of the Lumbosacral Plexus...211 // Developing Skeletal Muscles...212 // Terminology...213 // xix // Contents // Chapter 9 Head and Neck...215 // Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm...216 // Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches...217 // Ventral and Midsagittal Views...218 // Fate of the Pharyngeal Pouches...219 // Midsagittal View of the Pharynx...220//

Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves...221 // Pharyngeal Groove and Pouch Anomalies...222 // Pharyngeal Arch Nerves...223 // Sensory Innervation Territories...224 // Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles // Early Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles...225 // Later Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles...226 // Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages...227 // Ossification of the Skull...228 // Premature Suture Closure...230 // Cervical Ossification...231 // Torticollis...232 // Cervical Plexus...233 // Orbit...234 // Ear Development...235 // Adult Ear Organization...236 // Summary of Ear Development...237 // Cranial Nerve Primordia...238 // Cranial Nerve Neuron Components...239 // Parasympathetic Innervation and Unique Nerves...240 // Development of the Face // Development of the Face: 3 to 4 Weeks...241 // Development of the Face: 4 to 6 Weeks...242 // Development of the Face: 6 to 10 Weeks...243 // Palate Formation // Palate Formation...244 // Interior View of Palate Formation; Roof of Oral Cavity...245 // Congenital Anomalies of the Oral Cavity...246 // Floor of the Oral Cavity...247 // Developmental Coronal Sections...248 // Tooth Structure and Development...249 // Dental Eruption...250 // Terminology...251 // Appendix Summary of Common Congenital Anomalies Throughout the Body // and Their Embryonic Causes...253 // XX